ضرورت مداخله قانونگذار در نهاد مهريه در جهت حل معضل اجتماعي امروز

The necessity of the legislator's intervention in the institution of Mahr in order to solve today’s social problem

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﺷﺮع و ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ از زﻧﺎن، »ﻣﻬﺮﯾﻪ« را ﻣﻘﺮر ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. اﻣﺎ ﻣﻬﺮﯾﻪ از ارﮐﺎن ﻧﮑﺎح داﺋﻢ ﻧﺒﻮده، ﺣﺘﯽ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻧﮑﺎح ﺑﺪون آن ﻫﻢ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻬﺮﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻌﻀﻼت ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﻪﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ. ﺑﻪﻧﺤﻮي ﮐﻪ در ﺧﯿﻠﯽ از ﻣﻮارد، ﻣﻬﺮﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﻧﺎﻣﻌﻘﻮل ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﭘﺸﺘﻮاﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ زوﺟﻪ و اﺳﺘﺤﮑﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده، اﺑﺰاري ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ و اﯾﺠﺎد اﺿﻄﺮاب در ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺰﻟﺰل در ﺑﻨﯿﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﺮوز ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﺷﻮﻫﺮآزاري ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻟﺬا ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ آﯾﺎ ﺣﺎﮐﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺖ در ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﻬﺮﯾﻪ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﮐﺮده، ﻃﯽ ﯾﮏ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه آﻣﺮه آن را ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ و ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﮐﻨﺪ و ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ از ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﻨﺪ؟ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس، در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ رﺳﯿﺪهاﯾﻢ ﮐﻪ دوﻟﺖ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺖ و ﺿﺮورت، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﻧﻬﺎد ﻣﻬﺮﯾﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﮐﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ دارﻧﺪ، ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﮐﺮده، از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﻘﻨﯿﻦ در ﺻﺪد ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ و ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻬﺮﯾﻪ ﺑﺮآﯾﺪ.

One of the rights established by Sharia and law to protect women is Mahr. But Mahr is not one of the pillars of permanent marriage, and even a marriage without it is valid. Heavy Mahrs are one of the legal and social problems of our society. In many cases, disproportionate and unreasonable Mahrs, instead of providing financial support to the wife and the strength of the family, are used as a tool to threaten and cause anxiety in couples and as a result shake the foundation of the family to the point that it causes the phenomenon of husband abuse. Therefore, the question is whether the government can intervene in determining the amount of Mahr according to its expediency and limit and adjust it according to a commanding rule, and in order to reduce legal and social problems, prevent disproportionate and heavy Mahrs? Accordingly, in the present article, we have come to the conclusion that the government, based on expediency and necessity, can intervene in the institution of Mahr like other legal issues that have social dimensions and seek to adjust and limit the Mahr through legislation.