واكاوي تدريس آنلاين معلمان مقطع ابتدايي شهر سنندج در بستر شبكه شاد در دوران بحران كرونا (فرصت ها و چالش ها)

An Analysis of Online Teaching of Primary School Teachers in Sanandaj in the Shad Network during the Corona Crisis: A Qualitative Study

ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم دادن اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، درك ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ آﻧﻼﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن ﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺳﻨﻨﺪج در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺷﺎد در دوران ﺑﺤﺮان ﮐﺮوﻧﺎ وﯾﺮوس ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮهي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و از ﻧﻮع ﭘﺪﯾﺪارﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ-ﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ، ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ 21 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن ﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻨﻨﺪج در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ 1399-1400 اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. اﺑﺰار ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت، ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻀﻤﻮن و ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮهي ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮي ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺠﺎرب ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن در ﺳﻪ ﻣﻀﻤﻮن اﺻﻠﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎ، ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎ و ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدات و 17 ﻣﻀﻤﻮن ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و رﺿﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ، ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮي از ﺗﻮان و ﺗﺨﺼﺺ دﯾﮕﺮان )ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن، اوﻟﯿﺎ و داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان(، آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژيﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺑﻪروز، ﻣﻬﺎرت در اﯾﺠﺎد ارﺗﺒﺎط و ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﻨﺎوريﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ در ﺣﻮزه آﻣﻮزش، ﻣﻬﺎرت ﺟﻬﺖ اﯾﺠﺎد اﻧﮕﯿﺰه در داﻧﺶآﻣﻮز، رﺿﺎﯾﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن از ﺑﻪروزرﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ )روﻧﺪ اﻓﺰودن اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت(، ارﺗﻘﺎي ﺗﻮان و ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ در آﻣﻮزش، ﻫﻢ اﻓﺰاﯾﯽ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن از ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ، ﻋﺪم ﻫﻤﮑﺎري ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺛﺮﮔﺬار در ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي، ﻋﺪم ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب )ﻣﻌﻠﻢ، داﻧﺶآﻣﻮز و اوﻟﯿﺎء(، ﻋﺪم اﻧﮕﯿﺰه داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان و اوﻟﯿﺎء، ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ در اراﺋﻪ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎ، ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺳﺨﺖاﻓﺰاري ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎد، ﻧﺎآﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن اوﻟﯿﺎ و داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان ﺑﺎ ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎد و ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮي اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﺠﺎزي )در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎد(، اراﺋﻪ ﺗﮑﺎﻟﯿﻒ ﭼﺎﻟﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان و ﺑﺮﮔﺰاري دورهﻫﺎي ﺿﻤﻦ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻻن آﻣﻮزش و ﭘﺮورش و دﯾﮕﺮ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان ﻣﺸﺘﺎق ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ در اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.

This study was conducted to understand the experience of online teaching of primary school teachers in Sanandaj in the context of the shad network during the coronavirus crisis.The present study was conducted in a qualitative and in the form of descriptive phenomenology with purposive sampling, with the participation of 21 primary school teachers in Sanandaj in the academic year 2020-2021. Data collection tools were semi-structured interviews. Findings from teachers'' experiences in three main themes and 17 sub-themes including positive and satisfying experience, utilizing the power and expertise of others (teachers, parents and students), familiarity with up-to-date educational technologies, Skills in creating effective communication and interaction with the use of new technologies in the field of education, skills to motivate students, relative satisfaction of teachers with program updating (process of adding facilities), improving the ability and interest in using new technology in Education, teachers'' synergy with each other, lack of cooperation of effective factors in learning, lack of favorable interaction (teacher, student and parents), lack of motivation of students and parents, hardware problems, unfamiliarity of teachers, parents and students with teaching an‎d the lack of a virtual electronic board, providing challenging assignments to students and holding in-service courses has been extracted.