پيش بيني سلامت روان زنان شاغل در دستگاه هاي اجرايي سياسي و غيرسياسي براساس طرحواره نقش جنسيتي

Predicting the mental health of women employed in political and non-political Governmental Organizations based on gender role schemas

اﺷﺘﻐﺎل زﻧﺎن در ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻠﯿﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺘﯽ ﻣﺮداﻧﻪ، ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻧﻘﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮحوارهﻫﺎي ﻧﻘﺶ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺘﯽ زﻧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺿﻄﺮاب ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﯽ ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ روان آنﻫﺎ را ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮه اﻧﺪازد. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ در ﺳﺎل 1397-98 ﺑﺮ روي 494 ﻧﻔﺮ از زﻧﺎن ﺷﺎﻏﻞ در دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ )114 ﻧﻔﺮ( و ﻏﯿﺮﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ )380 ﻧﻔﺮ( در ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ روش ﺳﺮﺷﻤﺎري و روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻃﺒﻘﻪاي ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي و ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﺟﻤﻊآوري دادهﻫﺎ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻃﺮحواره ﻧﻘﺶ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺘﯽ ﺑﻢ و ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﮔﻠﺪﺑﺮگ ﺑﻮد. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار SPSS ﻧﺴﺨﻪ 22 و آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﺧﻄﯽ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﮔﺎمﺑﻪﮔﺎم آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﮔﺮوه زﻧﺎن ﺷﺎﻏﻞ در دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺮه ﻃﺮحواره ﻧﻘﺶ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺘﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯿﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و زﯾﺮﻣﻘﯿﺎس اﺿﻄﺮاب و ﺑﯽﺧﻮاﺑﯽ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ )0/04 = p و 0/19 = r(. وﻟﯽ در ﮔﺮوه زﻧﺎن ﺷﺎﻏﻞ در دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ ﻏﯿﺮﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺮه ﻃﺮحواره ﻧﻘﺶ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺘﯽ ﻣﺮداﻧﻪ و زﯾﺮﻣﻘﯿﺎس اﺧﺘﻼل در ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﮑﻮس ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ )0/001 = p و 0/24 - = r(. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯿﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در زﻧﺎن ﺷﺎﻏﻞ در دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺿﻄﺮاب و ﺑﯽﺧﻮاﺑﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. در ﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ، وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﺮداﻧﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در زﻧﺎن ﺷﺎﻏﻞ در دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ ﻏﯿﺮﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺧﺘﻼل ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮي ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﻮد.

Employment of women in occupations with masculine gender stereotypes, in addition to multiple social roles due to inadequacy with feminine gender schemas has been associated with increased anxiety in women, which can endanger their mental health. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 494 women employed in political (114) and non-political (380) governmental organizations in Mashhad in the years 1398-97 by census and cluster random sampling method, respectively. Data collection tools were Bem Sex Role Inventory and Goldberg General Health Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) and Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: The results of Pearson correlation coefficient test showed that there was a significant direct relationship between the average score of social desirability schema and the subscale of anxiety and insomnia in women employed in political governmental organizations (p = 0.04, r = 0.19). However, there was a significant inverse relationship between the mean score of masculine gender role schemas and social dysfunction subscale in women employed in non-political governmental organizations (r = -0.24, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that more social desirability characteristics in women employed in political governmental organizations were associated with more anxiety and insomnia. However, more masculine traits were associated with fewer social dysfunctions in women employed in non-political governmental organizations.