ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﮔﺮﯾﺰي ﻧﺤﻮي در ﺧﺎﻃﺮه ﻧﮕﺎﺷﺖ ﻫﺎي دﻓﺎع ﻣﻘﺪس

Studying the Syntactical Deviation in Memoirs Concerned with the Holy Defense

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﺧﺎﻃﺮهﻧﻮﯾﺴﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎي رواﯾﺖﮔﺮي در ادﺑﯿﺎت دﻓﺎع ﻣﻘـﺪس ﻣـﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ و ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮي ﺑـﺮ ادﺑﯿـﺎت ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ دوره ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. از اﯾﻦ روي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﺒﮏﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ آن در ﺳﯿﺮ ﺗﻄﻮر ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻓﺎرﺳـﯽ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺗﺄﻣـﻞ اﺳـﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﮔﺮﯾﺰي و ﻧﻮآوري در ﻻﯾﮥ ﻧﺤﻮي ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ، زﺑﺎن را از زﺑﺎن ﻫﻨﺠﺎر ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﺳﺎزد و ﺑﻪ ﻧـﻮﻋﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪﺳﺎزي ﮔﺮدد، ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. ﯾﮑﯽ از اﻧﻮاع ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﮔﺮﯾﺰي ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ﺑﺮاي آﻓﺮﯾﻨﺶ اﺛﺮ ادﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣـﯽ ﮔﯿـﺮد ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﮔﺮﯾﺰي ﻧﺤﻮي ﯾﺎ ﮔﺮﯾﺰ از ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ زﺑﺎن اﺳﺖ؛ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ﻧﻈـﻢ و ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺣـﺎﮐﻢ ﺑـﺮ زﺑـﺎن را ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻢ ﻣﯽ رﯾﺰد و از اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت دﺳﺘﻮري زﺑﺎن در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﻣﺘﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ و در واﻗﻊ ﺳـﻌﯽ در ﻫﻨﺮآﻓﺮﯾﻨـﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. اﻣﺎ از آﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ زﺑﺎن ﺧﺎﻃﺮه ﻧﮕﺎﺷﺖﻫﺎ وارد ﺣﻮزة زﯾﺮ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر و ﺷﮑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد، ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻫﻨـﺮي در اﯾﻦ آﺛﺎر دﯾﺪه ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮد.

Writing memoirs is one of the most fundamental narratives in Holy Defense literature, affecting the memoirs written in Persian literature. Thus, the changes in the stylistic features of these works in Persian literature are worth studying. The current paper aims to study deviation and innovation at the syntactical level, differentiating the language of a text from the standard one and foregrounding especial parts of it. One of the various types of deviation used by the writer to create literary effect is syntactical deviation, i.e. deviating from the syntactical rules governing language. Writer disrupts and takes advantage of structural rules governing language to foreground an excerpt, hence adding artistic beauty to the text. However, since the language of memoirs is typically non-standard and broken, the effect of foregrounding is not that strong in these works