ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﮥ ﺷﮑﻮاﯾﯿﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯽ در اﺷﻌﺎر ﺳﻌﺪي ﺷﯿﺮازي و ﺻﺎﺋﺐ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰي

Aesthetic study and comparison of personal complaints in the poems of Saadi Shirazi and Saeb Tabrizi

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه اﻧﺴﺎن در ﻃﻮل زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﺎ آﻻم و ﻣﺼﺎﯾﺐ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ روﺑﺮو ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد و ﭼﻮن ﺧﻮد را ﻧﺎﺗﻮان از دﻓﻊ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑـﺪ ، زﺑـﺎن ﺑﻪ اﻋﺘﺮاض و ﮔﻠﻪ و ﺷﮑﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺸﺎﯾﺪ و در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ آن روﯾﺪادﻫﺎي ﺗﻠﺦ ﺷﮑﻮه و ﻧﺎﻟﻪ ﺳـﺮ ﻣـﯽ دﻫـﺪ؛ و از آﻧﺠـﺎ ﮐـﻪ ﻧﮕـﺮش ﺷﻌﺮا ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺎن ﻫﺴﺘﯽ ﻏﯿﺮ از ﻧﮕﺎه اﻧﺴﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻋﺎدي اﺳﺖ، ﺷﮑﻮه ﻫﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺷﮑﻮه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮدم ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﺳﺖ. آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ زﺑﺎن ﺧﺎص و ﺷﯿﻮة ﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮدي ﮐﻪ دارﻧﺪ، ﺷـﮑﺎﯾﺖ ﻫـﺎي ﺧـﻮد و ﻣـﺮدم از ﺷـﺮاﯾﻂ و اوﺿـﺎع ﻧﺎﻣﺴـﺎﻋﺪ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ را، در اﺷﻌﺎر ﺧﻮﯾﺶ ﻣﻨﻌﮑﺲ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﺳﻌﺪي ﺷﯿﺮازي و ﺻﺎﺋﺐ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰي ﻧﯿﺰ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺷـﺎﻋﺮان ﺳـﺒﮏ ﻋﺮاﻗـﯽ و ﻫﻨﺪي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ در اﺷﻌﺎر ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺷﮑﻮاﯾﯿﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘـﻪ و در اﻧـﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺷـﮑﻮاﯾﯿﻪ اﺷـﻌﺎري ﺳـﺮوده اﻧـﺪ. در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ـ ﻣ ﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﮥ ﺷﮑﻮاﯾﯿﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼـﯽ در اﺷـﻌﺎر ﺳﻌﺪي و ﺻﺎﺋﺐ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﯾﻢ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ، در اﺷـﻌﺎر ﺳـﻌﺪي ، ﺷـﮑﻮه از ﻓـﺮاق ﯾـﺎر ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ را در ﻣﯿﺎن ﺷﮑﻮاﯾﯿﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯽ دارد و ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت دﯾﮕﺮي ﻫﻤﭽﻮن: ﺷﮑﻮه از ﺟﻮر و ﺟﻔـﺎي ﻣﻌﺸـ ﻮق، ﺷﮑﻮه از رﻗﯿﺐ، ﮔﻠﻪ و ﺷﮑﺎﯾﺖ از ﻏﻢ، ﺷﮑﻮه از ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ، ﺷﮑﺎﯾﺖ از ﻧﺎﮐﺎﻣﯽ، ﮔﻠﻪ از ﻓﻘـﺮ و ﻧـﺪاري و ﺷـﮑﻮه از ﭘﯿـﺮي ، ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ در ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ ﺑﻌﺪي ﻗـﺮار دارﻧـﺪ. ﻟـﯿﮑﻦ در دﯾـﻮان ﺻـﺎﺋﺐ ، ﺷـﮑﻮه از ﺟـﻮر و ﺟﻔـﺎي ﻣﻌﺸـﻮق ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ را دارد و ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت دﯾﮕﺮي ﻫﻤﭽﻮن: ﺷﮑﻮه از ﻓﺮاق ﯾﺎر، ﮔﻠﻪ و ﺷﮑﺎﯾﺖ از ﻧﺎﮐﺎﻣﯽ، ﺷﮑﻮه از ﭘﯿﺮي، ﮔﻠـﻪ از ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ، ﺷﮑﺎﯾﺖ از رﻗﯿﺐ و ﺷﮑﻮه از ﻓﻘﺮ و ﻧﺪاري، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯿﺰانِ ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ در ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ ﺑﻌﺪي ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ.

Man faces various pains and sufferings during his life and because he finds himself incapable of repelling them, he opens his mouth to protest, complain and complains about bitter events; an‎d since the poets' view of the universe is different from that of ordinary human beings, their glories are different from those of ordinary people. With their special language and unique way of expressing themselves, they reflect their and people's complaints about the unfavorable living conditions in their poems. Saadi Shirazi and Saeb Tabrizi are al Complaints have written poems. In the present study, which has been done by content analysis method, we have examined and compared personal complaints in the poems of Saadi and Saeb. According to the results of the present study, in Saadi's poems, the glory of parting has the highest frequency among personal complaints, and other topics such as: glory of the persecution of the beloved, glory of the rival, complaint and grief, glory of loneliness, so among the Iraqi and Indian poets who have addressed the subject of complaint in their poems and in different types Complaints of failure, complaining of poverty and deprivation, and complaining of old age are next in order of frequency, respectively. But in Saeb Divan, the glory of the persecution of the beloved has the highest frequency, and other subjects such as: glory of separation, complaint and complaint of failure, glory of old age, complaint of loneliness, complaint of rival and glory of poverty and deprivation, to The order is in the next order of magnitude.