ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻼﻏﯽ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺒﺮي و اﻧﺸﺎﯾﯽ

Investigating the rhetorical aspects of Shahnameh letters with the approach of news and essay sentences

ﻣﻌﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺳﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ زﯾﺒﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺳﺨﻦ ﭘﺎرﺳﯽ، ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﺧﺎص و ﻣﻤﺘﺎزي در ﺑﻼﻏﺖ ﺳﺨﻦ دارد و ﻋﻠﻮم و ﻓﻨﻮن ﺑﻼﻏﯽ در ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮي زﺑﺎن، ﻧﻘـﺶ ﻣﻬﻤـﯽ دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ و اﺻﻮل ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﯽ، ﻧﻘﺶ و اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﻧﻮاع ﺟﻤﻠﻪ در اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ، ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ، اﻧﻮاع ﺟﻤﻠﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﺧﺒﺮ و اﻧﺸﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ و از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﯽ ﺛﺎﻧﻮي، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮة ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ـ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ، ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه درﺻﺪد آن اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻼﻏﯽ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺒﺮي و اﻧﺸﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﭙﺮدازد و ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ رﺳﯿﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي داﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ و ﺣﻤﺎﺳﯽ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺴﯿﺎري ﻧﺎﻣﻪ وﺟﻮد دارد ﮐﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﮥ ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و دوﯾﺴﺖ و ﭘﻨﺠﺎه ﻧﺎﻣﮥ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ در ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ و ﻧﻘﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﮔﻮاه اﯾﻦ ادﻋﺎﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در دو ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﻬﻠﻮاﻧﯽ و ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ و ﻫﺪف ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ ﻓﻘﻂ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ و ﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪة آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ؛ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﻓﺮﺻﺘﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﮑﯿﻢ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻮآوري و ﺗﻨﻮع ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر آورد؛ ﮔﺎه ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯾﯽ از داﺳﺘﺎن را از زﺑﺎن ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪة ﻧﺎﻣﻪ، ﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ؛ ﮔﺎه ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﺎن اﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت ﻓﺮد از زﺑﺎن ﺧﻮد او، ﺷﻮري در ﺳﺨﻦ ﻣﯽاﻓﮑﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺠﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻧﺎن ﺣﻤﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺪ و ﺑﯽ آﻧﮑﻪ ﺣﻀﻮرش، ﺳﺎﯾﻪاي ﺑﺮ روﯾﺪادﻫﺎ ﺑﮕﺴﺘﺮد، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﺎ و ﺣﺘّﯽ ﭘﯿﺎم ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮﯾﺶ را ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﻣﯽرﺳﺎﻧﺪ و در ﯾﮏ ﮐﻼم، ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ آﯾﻨﮥ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻧﻤﺎي ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﻧﺪ

Meanings, as one of the three aesthetic sciences of Persian speech, have a special and privileged place in speech rhetoric, and rhetorical sciences and techniques play an important role in the formation of language. According to the rules and principles of semantics, the role and importance of sentence types in conveying concepts can be examined. This science divides sentence types into news and composition and studies them in terms of secondary meanings. In this research, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner and using library sources, the author intends to study the rhetorical aspects of Shahnameh letters with the approach of the position of news and compositional sentences and has reached the conclusion that in fiction and There are many Persian epics, roles and letters that are not comparable to the letters of Ferdowsi Shahnameh and the number of 250 letters used in Shahnameh is proof of this claim. These letters are mostly used in two parts: heroism and history, and Ferdowsi's goal is not only to convey the thoughts and wishes of their sender; Rather, each is an opportunity for the sage to use innovation and diversity; Sometimes quotes parts of the story from the language of the letter writer; Sometimes, by expressing one's feelings in one's own language, Shuri speaks in order to find an opportunity to pay homage to the characters of the epic heroes, and without his presence casting a shadow over the events, he conveys his analyzes and even messages to the audience and in a word The letters are the full mirror of the Shahnameh.