ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﺮ در آﺛﺎر ﻣﻨﻈﻮم ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺜﻨﻮي ﻣﻌﻨﻮي

A study of confrontation with the old in the works of mystical poetry with emphasis on the spiritual Masnavi

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﻣﺤﻮري ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ »ﭘﯿﺮ« اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎوﯾﻦ دﯾﮕﺮي ﻧﯿﺰ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﻣﺮﺷﺪ، ﻣﺮاد، وﻟﯽ، ﺷﯿﺦ، ﻗﻄﺐ، اﺳﺘﺎد، ﻣﻘﺘﺪا، دﻟﯿﻞ راه، ﺧﻀﺮ، رﻧﺪ، ﭘﯿﺮ ﻣﻐﺎن و... از اﯾﻦ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﻧﺎم ﺑﺮده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮآن ﺑﻮده اﯾﻢ ﺗﺎ درﯾﺎﺑﯿﻢ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻣﻨﻈﻮم ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ و ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﻣﺜﻨﻮي ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﺗﺎ ﭼﻪ ﻣﯿﺰاﻧﯽ در ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﭘﯿﺮ از ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ و ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞﺳﺎزيﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮده اﺳﺖ؟ دﻻﯾﻞ اﯾﻦ روﯾﮑﺮد ﭼﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ؟ و وﺟﻮه و ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﺮ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﮐﺪاﻣﻨﺪ؟ آﺛﺎر ﻣﻨﻈﻮم ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﺣﺪﯾﻘﻪاﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻪ ﺳﻨﺎﯾﯽ، ﻣﻨﻄﻖاﻟﻄﯿﺮ ﻋﻄﺎر، ﻣﺜﻨﻮي ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﻣﻮﻟﻮي، و ﻏﺰﻟﯿﺎت ﺣﺎﻓﻆ، ﭘﯿﺮ را ﺑﺎ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ و ﻓﺮدي ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﮐﻪ دارد، در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﻫﺎ و ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ ﻗﺮار داده اﻧﺪ. در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﮥ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞﺳﺎزيﻫﺎي دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ اي ﮐﻪ در آﺛﺎر ﻣﻨﻈﻮم ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮرﯾﺖ ﻣﺜﻨﻮي ﻣﻌﻨﻮي در ﺑﺎرة ﭘﯿﺮ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﭘﺮدازي، اﺳﺘﻌﺎرة ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ و ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻤﯽ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻮازﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﮔﺮاﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. دﺳﺘﺎورد ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﺜﻨﻮي ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﻫﺎ و ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺮاﯾﻨﺪه ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪﺳﺎزي و ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي او ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯽ و ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺘﯽ ﺧﻮﯾﺶ را ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﯿﺎم ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ و ﻧﻤﺎدﯾﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮش ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎن ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ و راه ﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﯿﯿﺰ ﭘﯿﺮان راﺳﺘﯿﻦ از ﭘﯿﺮان دروﻏﯿﻦ را ﺑﺮاي اﻫﻞ آن ﺑﺎز ﮔﻮﯾﺪ و رﺳﺎﻟﺖ ﺷﺎﻋﺮي و ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺘﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺧﻮﯾﺶ را از اﯾﻦ راه ادا ﮐﻨﺪ و در ﻋﯿﻦ ﺣﺎل ﺑﺮ ﻏﻨﺎي ادﺑﯽ، ﺑﺪﯾﻌﯽ و زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺧﻮﯾﺶ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﻔﺰاﯾﺪ.

The most central character of mystical literature is "Pir", who has been mentioned by other titles such as Morshed, Morad, Vali, Sheikh, Ghotb, Ostad, Moghtada, Dalil Rah, Khezr, Rend, Pir Moghan, etc. In this article, we have sought to find out to what extent the literature of mystical poetry has used descriptive confrontations in identifying and introducing the old? an‎d what are the aspects and elements most confronted with old age? The works of mysticism, especially Hadiqah al-Haqiqah Sanai, Mantiq al-Tair Attar, the spiritual Masnavi of Rumi, and the lyric poems of Hafez, have placed the old man with different personal and personal characteristics in front of different personalities and attributes. In the present article, the dual confrontations that have taken place in the works of mystical poems about the old with three approaches of characterization, conceptual metaphor and educational aspects and using structuralist criteria have been investigated. The achievement of the present study is that the mentioned poets have confronted different personalities and traits with the old man, in addition to highlighting and emphasizing his influence, to convey their personal and methodical experiences to the audience in the form of direct and symbolic messages. an‎d tell the pure ways of the true elders from the false elders to its people, and fulfill their poetic mission and social method in this way, and at the same time add to the literary, original and aesthetic richness of their works .