تاثيرتمرينات پلايومتريك،قدرتي و تركيبي بر برخي شاخص هاي عملكردي كشتي گيران نخبه

The effect of plyometric, strength and combined exercises training on some performance indicators of elite wrestlers

ﻫﺪف از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﻠﯿﻮﻣﺘﺮﯾﮏ، ﻗﺪرﺗﯽ و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي ﮐﺸﺘﯽ ﮔﯿﺮان ﻧﺨﺒﻪ ﺑﻮد.ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح ﭘﯿﺶ آزﻣﻮن و ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. آزﻣﻮدﻧﯽ ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ 32 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﮐﺸﺘﯽ ﮔﯿﺮان ﻧﺨﺒﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ 3 ﺳﺎل ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. آزﻣﻮدﻧﯽﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ 4 ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل (8 ﻧﻔﺮ)، ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﻠﯿﻮﻣﺘﺮﯾﮏ (8 ﻧﻔﺮ)، ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻗﺪرﺗﯽ (8 ﻧﻔﺮ) و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ(ﻗﺪرﺗﯽ+ ﭘﻠﯿﻮﻣﺘﺮﯾﮏ) (8 ﻧﻔﺮ)ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.آزﻣﻮدﻧﯽ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 8 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ (ﺳﻪ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ در ﻫﻔﺘﻪ) ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﻓﻮق را اﺟﺮا ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﺗﻮان ﺑﯽ ﻫﻮازي، ﻗﺪرت ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ، ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و ﭼﺎﺑﮑﯽ ﻗﺒﻞ و ﭘﺲ از 8 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ. از آزﻣﻮن ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار spss 18 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮان ﺑﯽ ﻫﻮازي در ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ(p=0.001). ﻗﺪرت ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ در ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﭘﻼﯾﻮﻣﺘﺮﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﻗﺪرت ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ در ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﻗﺪرﺗﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ(p=0.001). ﺳﺮﻋﺖ در ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﻗﺪرﺗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري (p=0.001)ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ در ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﭘﻼﯾﻮﻣﺘﺮﯾﮏ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻗﺪرﺗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ(p=0.001). ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري در ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﭼﺎﺑﮑﯽ ﭘﺲ از ﻫﺸﺖ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ.ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﭘﻼﯾﻮﻣﺘﺮﯾﮏ و ﻗﺪرﺗﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﻗﺪرﺗﯽ و ﭘﻼﯾﻮﻣﺘﺮﯾﮏ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﻮان ﺑﯽ ﻫﻮازي، ﻗﺪرت ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ در ﮐﺸﺘﯽ ﮔﯿﺮان ﻧﺨﺒﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد اﻣﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮي در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﭼﺎﺑﮑﯽ ﻧﺪارد.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of polymetric, Strength and combined training on some performance indicators of elite wrestlers. The present study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design. The subjects of the present study were 32 elite wrestlers from Golestan province with a history of at least 3 years of regular training. Subjects were randomly divided into 4 control groups (n=8), polymetric (n=8), strength (n=8) and combined exercises training (8 subjects). Subjects performed the above exercises for 8 weeks (three sessions per week). Anaerobic power, maximum power, speed and agility were evaluated before and after 8 weeks The results showed that anaerobic capacity in the combined exercise group increased significantly compared to the control group. Maximum strength was significantly increased in the combined exercise group compared to the control group and the plyometric training group(p=0.001). Maximum strength in the strength training group increased significantly compared to the control group(p=0.001). The speed in the combined training group increased significantly compared to the control group and the strength training group(p=0.001). Also, the speed in the plyometric training group increased significantly compared to the control group and the strength training group(p=0.001). There was no significant difference in agility after eight weeks between groups. The results of the present study showed that the combination of plyometric and strength training compared to strength and plyometric exercises only leads to further improvement of anaerobic capacity, maximum strength and speed in elite wrestlers, but has no effect on improving agility.