ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺸﻖ در ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﺳﺘﻌﺎري از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻮي و ﺑﯿﺪل دﻫﻠﻮي

Analysis of love in the system of metaphorical concept from the perspective of Rumi and Biddle Dehlavi

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه روﯾﮑﺮد اﺳﺘﻌﺎري ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﺑﺰار ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﺘﻦ، روﯾﮑﺮدي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ و زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻟﯿﮑﺎف و ﺟﺎﻧﺴﻮن آن را ﺑﺎ اﺻﻄﻼح اﺳﺘﻌﺎرة ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﻄﺮح ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ آﻧﺎن اﺳﺘﻌﺎره اﺑﺰاري ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺪﯾﺸﯿﺪن و ﺗﻔﮑّﺮ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺟﺮﯾﺎن دارد و اﻓﺮاد ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ آن ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ اﻧﺘﺰاﻋﯽ و ﺣﺴﯽ را ﻣﺤﺴﻮس و ﻣﻠﻤﻮس ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﻋﺸﻖ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ اﻧﺘﺰاﻋﯽ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﺸﺮ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﺘﻮن ادﺑﯽ و ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﺑﯿﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن اﺳﺘﻌﺎري ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﻼل اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻠﺨﯽ ﻣﻌﺮوف ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ و ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻘﺎدر ﺑﯿﺪل دﻫﻠﻮي ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﺎرف ـ ﺷﺎﻋﺮاﻧﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ اﺷﻌﺎرﺷﺎن ﺣﻮل ﻣﺤﻮر ﻋﺸﻖ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد و از اﺳﺘﻌﺎره ﻫﺎي ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ و زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ در ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﻋﺸﻖ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮده اﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺳﺘﻌﺎرة ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﻋﺸﻖ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آن در ﻣﺜﻨﻮي ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﻣﻮﻟﻮي و ﻏﺰﻟﯿﺎت ﺑﯿﺪل دﻫﻠﻮي ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮدازد. ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻧﻈﺮي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﻟﯿﮑﺎف و ﺟﺎﻧﺴﻮن درﺑﺎرة اﺳﺘﻌﺎره اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﮥ اﺳﺘﻌﺎره ﻫﺎي ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺣﻮل ﻧﮕﺎﺷﺖ ﻋﺸﻖ در دو اﺛﺮ ﻣﻮردﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ـ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ و اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ و ﺑﯿﺪل در ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺳﺎزي ﻋﺸﻖ از ﺣﻮزه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻠﻤﻮس ﻣﮑﺎن ﻫﺎ )درﯾﺎ و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ(، ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻋﯿﻨﯽ )آﺗﺶ، ﺻﯿﺎد، ﺷﻌﻠﻪ، ﺷﻤﻊ و...( و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮده اﻧﺪ. ﻋﺸﻖ را ﺑﺮ زﻫﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺢ ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ .ﻋﺸﻖ را ازﻟﯽ ـ اﺑﺪي ﻣﯽ داﻧﻨﺪ و آن را ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﭘﯿﺪاﯾﺶ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ و اﻧﺴﺎن ﻣﯽ ﺧﻮاﻧﻨﺪ. ﻋﻘﻞ را در ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻋﺸﻖ ﻧﺎﮐﺎم ﻣﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻨﺪ و ﻫﺮﮐﺴﯽ را ﻣﺤﺮم ﻋﺸﻖ ﻧﻤﯽ داﻧﻨﺪ و ﻣﯽ ﮔﻮﯾﻨﺪ، ﻫﺮﮐﺲ ﮐﻪ در ﻋﺸﻖ ﻓﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ ﺑﻘﺎي اﺑﺪي رﺳﯿﺪه اﺳﺖ.

The metaphorical approach as a textual analysis tool is a new and linguistic approach that Likoff and Johnson coined as a conceptual metaphor. Their theory is that metaphor is a tool for thinking and thinking that flows in human life and with the help of which individuals make abstract and sensory concepts tangible and tangible. Love is one of the most important abstract concepts of human life and worldview that has been used in literary and mystical texts with various metaphorical interpretations. Jalaluddin Mohammad Balkhi, known as Maulana and Abdul Qadir Bidel Dehlavi, are among the mystics-poets whose poems revolve around love and use deep and beautiful conceptual metaphors in the realm of love. This treatise examines the conceptual metaphor of love and its analysis in Rumi's spiritual Masnavi and Biddle Dehlavi's lyric poems. The theoretical basis of this treatise is Lycoff and Johnson's theory of metaphor. All the conceptual metaphors used around the mapping of love in the two works were studied descriptively-analytically and it was concluded that both poets in conceptualizing love from the tangible domains of places (sea and environment), objective concepts (fire, hunt, Flame, candle, etc.) and some other concepts have benefited. Both prefer love to asceticism. Both consider love to be eternal and call love the origin of the universe and man. The intellect is considered to have failed in recognizing love, and not everyone is considered a confidant of love, and it is said that whoever dies in love has attained eternal survival.