ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﻤﻬﯿﺪ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻟﯿﺴﺘﯽ در ﭘﺮورش ﻓﺮم رواﯾﯽ ﺑﺨﺶ اﺳﺎﻃﯿﺮي ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ

in cultivating the narrative form of the mythological part of Shahnameh

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻟﯿﺴﺘﯽ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪرت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه، اﺑﻌﺎد ﺗﺎزهاي را درﺑﺎرة ﺳﺎز و ﮐﺎر ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮي اﯾﻦ اﺛﺮ ﺳﺘﺮگ آﺷﮑﺎر ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻟﯿﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﮐﺎﺷﻒ ﺗﻤﻬﯿﺪات و ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺎت ادﺑﯽ ﻧﺒﻮدﻧﺪ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات اﺻﯿﻞ، ﻣﺤﻮري و ﺳﺎزﻧﺪة آﻧﻬﺎ را در آﺛﺎر ﺑﺰرگ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدادﻧﺪ. ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﺮﺻﮥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮاي ردﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺎت اﺳﺖ و اﺳﺎﺳﺎً ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﻬﯿﺪات ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻟﯿﺴﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ آن را ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ رﻗﺒﺎﯾﺶ در ژاﻧﺮ ﺣﻤﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﯽ ﺑﺪﯾﻞ ﻣﯽﺳﺎزد. در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﯾﺎ ﻫﻤﺎن اﺳﻄﻮرهاي ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺎت ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻟﯿﺴﺘﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ اﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺧﺎﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ، رواﯾﯽ و ﭘﺎﯾﻪاي اﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ، ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺗﻤﻬﯿﺪات ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻟﯿﺴﺘﯽ از ﺳﻮي ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ در ﺳﺎﺧﺖ رواﯾﯽ آن ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﺟﺴﺘﺎر ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻟﯿﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ در رواﯾﺖ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ از ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﻣﺆﮐّﺪ از ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻗﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﯾﺠﺎد ﮔﺰارهﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻔﺮد ﺑﺎ ادﺑﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽزداﯾﯽ و ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪﺳﺎزي در ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻏﺮاﺑﺖ ﻓﻀﺎي ﺑﺨﺶ اﺳﻄﻮرهاي، ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﺎﻻي اﺳﺘﻌﺎره و ﮐﻨﺎﯾﻪ و ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘﺎً ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﭘﺮدازي رواﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از اﯾﺠﺎد اﺳﺘﻘﻼل رواﺑﻂ و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت در ﻓﻀﺎي اﺳﻄﻮرهاي اﺳﺖ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ رواﯾﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ را ﻗﻮام ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪه و ﺟﺬاﺑﯿﺖ ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي وﻓﺎدار ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮي اداﻣﻪ داﺳﺘﺎن را اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ.

The seldom formal study of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh reveals new dimensions about the mechanism of formation of this great work. Formalists were not the discoverers of literary devices and crafts, but showed their original, pivotal and constructive influences in great works. Shahnameh is a good arena for tracing these industries and is basically relying on formalistic arrangements that make it unmatched by its competitors in the epic genre. In the first part or the myths of Shahnameh, the use of many formalist industries can be seen as in other parts, but due to the importance of the origin, narrative and basis of this part, some formalist arrangements have been used by Ferdowsi in constructing its narrative. Have been. The present article has analyzed and identified five formalistic indicators used in the narration of this part of Shahnameh by descriptive-analytical method. The result indicates that the emphatic use of the capacity of symbols, the use of current constraints to create single propositions with high literature, the use of de-familiarization and accentuation in proportion to the strangeness of the mythical space, the high frequency of metaphor and The irony and finally the characterization of the narrative, which indicates the independence of relations in the mythical atmosphere, are among the most important factors that consolidate the narrative of the first part of the Shahnameh and create the necessary charm to make the audience loyal to follow the story.