بررسي اثر انواع و مقادير مختلف محلول پاشي جاسمونات‌ها قبل از برداشت ميوه بر صفات عملكردي، فيزيولوژيك، كيفي و دارويي دو رقم توت فرنگي

Evaluation of the effect of different types and amounts of foliar application of jasmonate before fruit harvest on functional, physiological, qualitative and medicinal traits of two strawberry cultivars

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ اﻧﻮاع و ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺟﺎﺳﻤﻮﻧﺎت ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي، ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ، ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و داروﯾﯽ دو رﻗﻢ ﺗﻮت ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻣﯿﻮه، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﯿﺪروﭘﻮﻧﯿﮏ ﺻﺪرا داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﯿﺮاز در ﺳﺎل 1397 اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دو ﻧﻮع ﺟﺎﺳﻤﻮﻧﺎت )ﺟﺎﺳﻤﻮﻧﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ و ﻣﺘﯿﻞ ﺟﺎﺳﻤﻮﻧﺎت( ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام در ﭘﻨﺞ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ )0، 1/5 ،1 ،0/5 و 2 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﻻر( و )1 ،0/5 ،0/25 ،0 و 1/5 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﻻر( ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار و در ﻫﺮ ﺗﮑﺮار ﺳﻪ ﮔﻠﺪان و در دو رﻗﻢ ﺗﻮت ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ )ﺳﻠﻮا و ﭘﺎروس( اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺮ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺻﻔﺎت وزن ﻣﯿﻮه و وﯾﺘﺎﻣﯿﻦ ث ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺟﺎﺳﻤﻮﻧﺎت ﻫﺎ، ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ و وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﺮگ در ﻫﺮ دو رﻗﻢ ﺗﻮت ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﯿﻮه در رﻗﻢ ﺳﻠﻮا ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ 2 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﻻر ﺟﺎﺳﻤﻮﻧﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺟﺎﺳﻤﻮﻧﺎت ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان اﺳﯿﺪﯾﺘﻪ ﮐﻞ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ آﻧﺘﻮﺳﯿﺎﻧﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﻮه در ﻫﺮ دو رﻗﻢ، ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺧﻮاص ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و داروﯾﯽ ﺗﻮت ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع رﻗﻢ ﺳﻠﻮا ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺟﺎﺳﻤﻮﻧﺎت ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺑﻪ اﺳﯿﺪﯾﺘﻪ ﮐﻞ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ و ﻣﯿﺰ ان اﺳﯿﺪﯾﺘﻪ ﮐﻞ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ رﻗﻢ ﭘﺎروس، از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺗﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

To investigate the effect of different types and amounts of jasmines on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two strawberry cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in Sadra Hydroponic Greenhouse of Shiraz University in 2018. Experimental treatments include two types of jasmonate (jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate) each in five concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mM) and (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM) with four replications and three pots in each replication and two strawberry cultivars (Selva and Parus). Analysis of variance showed that the effect of experimental treatments on all studied traits except fruit weight and vitamin C was significant. The results showed that foliar application of jasmonate reduced chlorophyll content and leaf dry weight in both strawberry cultivars, while the highest number of fruits in Selva cultivar was obtained by foliar application of 2 mM jasmonic acid. The results also showed that increasing the concentration of jasmonates by reducing the total acidity and increasing fruit anthocyanins in both cultivars, improved the quality properties of strawberries. In general, Selva cultivar is more effective than jasmonate by producing soluble solids and the ratio of soluble solids to total acidity is more significant and the amount of total acidity is lower than Parus cultivar, it is more desirable in terms of quality.