علل خشونت و انحرافات ورزشي ايران با رويكرد آينده پژوهي (مورد مطالعه رشته فوتبال)

The causes of Iranian violence and deviations of sport with a futuristic approach (Case study: Football)

ورزش ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﺪﯾﺪﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، در ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻣﺪرن اﻣﺮوز ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﺧﺎﺻﯽ در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻤﻨﺪان ﻋﻠﻮم ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﺑﻌﺎد ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه، آن را از ﯾﮏ اﻣﺮ رﻗﺎﺑﺖ اﻧﮕﯿﺰ ﺻﺮف ﺧﺎرج ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ و داﻣﻨﻪ آن را ﺑﻪ اﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎل ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮاﻓﻘﯽ ﺑﺮاي اراﺋﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻔﯽ ﯾﮕﺎﻧﻪ و ﻫﻤﺴﺎن از ورزش از ﺳﻮي ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﮕﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﮐﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ورزش در زﻣﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و در ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ از ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت زﻧﺪه ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ اﻣﺎ آﻧﭽﻪ ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎل ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ، ﺣﯿﻦ و ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎت ﻣﻬﯿﺞ ورزﺷﯽ، ﻣﯿﺎن ﻫﻮاداران ﺗﯿﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ و ﯾﺎ ﺣﺘﯽ در ﻣﯿﺎن زﻣﯿﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎزﯾﮑﻨﺎن رخ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ و ﺑﻌﻀﺎ ﺣﻮادث ﺗﻠﺨﯽ را رﻗﻢ ﻣﯽزﻧﺪ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ و اﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت ورزﺷﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد آﯾﻨﺪه ﭘﮋوﻫﯽ )ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ رﺷﺘﻪ ﻓﻮﺗﺒﺎل( ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روﯾﮑﺮد آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از: ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻧﻬﺎدي، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻓﺮدي. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﯿﺎن ﮐﺮدﮐﻪ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺳﻮاﻻت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ داراي ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﮑﻨﻮن ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﺪل ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري و ﺑﺮازش ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﺋﯿﺪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻧﻬﺎدي، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻓﺮدي ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ و اﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت ورزﺷﯽ اﯾﺮان در داﻧﺸﮑﺪه داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ادﺑﯿﺎت ، ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺗﻬﺮان اﺳﺖ.

This social phenomenon has become an important part of live community activity today, but what is highlighted in this article is the tensions that exist between fans of different teams together or even in the field before, during and after exciting sports competitions. It occurs by players and sometimes causes bitter events. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of sport violence and deviations in Iran using a futures research approach. In this research, using a mixed approach, factors are identified. Based on the interviews, effective factors have been identified which are: organizational factors, institutional factors, environmental factors and individual factors. According to the results, it can be stated that all questions related to variables have significant correlation coefficients with the present variables. The research model is confirmed by significant and fitting indices. According to the results, it can be concluded that organizational factors, institutional factors, environmental factors and individual factors affecting the causes of sport violence and deviations in the Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Islamic Azad University. Science and Research Tehran.