مصداق شناسي ولايت «ولي عرفي» در فقه

Examples of the province of "customary guardi@n" in jurisprudence

مساله ولايت و سرپرستي نسبت به امور ديگري، يكي از مسائل مبتلا به و مقتضاي ضرورت و مصلحت برخي از افراد جامعه است. آنچه كه در بين بيشتر فقها و حقوقدانان امري مسلم فرض شده است انحصار ولايت در «ولي شرعي» است. از اين رو ولايت «ولي عرفي» كمتر مورد بحث و بررسي و كنكاش قرار گرفته است. بر اين اساس سوال اصلي پژوهش عبارت است از اينكه «مصاديق ولايت ولي عرفي از نظر فقهي كدام است؟». فرضيه پژوهش آن است كه با بررسي متون ديني و تحليل ادله فقهي مي توان مصاديقي از مشروعيت اعمال ولايت از سوي ولي عرفي را يافت. يافته هاي پژوهش حاكي از آن است پذيرش مشروعيت ولايت ولي عرفي در مصاديق مورد بحث، آثار فراواني در زندگي فردي و اجتماعي خواهد داشت. علاوه بر آن مي تواند بخشي از مسئوليت هاي حكومت و دستگاه قضايي را كاهش دهد و مديريت امور آسان تر و توسط خود مردم سامان پذيرد.

One of the most frequent institutions that is considered in various jurisprudential subjects is the institution of "Wilayat (guardianship) ". Among the examples of guardianship, "customary guardianship" has been less discussed and studied, and in addition to the need to explain the nature, it is necessary to examine the arguments for the legitimacy of its guardianship. Accordingly, the major question of the study is "What are the principles of legitimacy of customary guardian?". The research hypothesis is that blood relatives (other than father and paternal grandfather) are the customary guardians and narrative and rational arguments can be used for the legitimacy of their guardianship. The method of this study is descriptive-analytical and the religious arguments are analyzed in it. The finding of the current study suggests that by analyzing and scrutinizing the primary and secondary arguments of the guardian, the customary guardian can be accepted as a constrained guardian. Accepting the legitimacy of guardianship of a customary guardian will have many effects on individual and social life. In addition, it can reduce some of the responsibilities of the government and the judiciary system, and manage affairs more easily and by the people themselves.