پديد آورندگان :
آزمون، فيروزه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد كرمان - گروه معماري، كرمان، ايران , معيني، مهديه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد كرمان - گروه معماري، كرمان، ايران , افهمي، رضا داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪرس - ﮔﺮوه ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﻨﺮ، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﻳﺮان , مسعودي، عباس دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد كرمان - گروه معماري، كرمان، ايران
كليدواژه :
ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺑﻲ , ادراك ﺑﺼﺮي , ﻓﻀﺎي ﺑﻴﻨﺎﺑﻴﻨﻲ , ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ
چكيده فارسي :
ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺑﻲ در ﻓﻀﺎي ﺑﻴﻨﺎﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر دارد و ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ در ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮدن ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. در ﺑﻌﻀــﻲ از ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎي ﻓﻀﺎي ﺑﻴﻨﺎﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺣﺬف ﺷــﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﻳــﺎ در ﺻﻮرت وﺟﻮد از ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ. اﻳﺠﺎد زﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ، ﺑﺮاي اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺑﻲ در ﻓﻀﺎي ﺑﻴﻨﺎﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر دارد، زﻳﺮا اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎن و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ رﻓﺘﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. اﻳﻦ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊﻫﺎي ﭘﺲ از ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺖ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ از ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺎن ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ، ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﭘﺲ از ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺖ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن دﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ دﻗﻴﻖ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬاري آن ﻫﺎ در ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺑﻲ، از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ، اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﺳﻪ ﺣﻮزه ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ، اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ و ﺑﺼﺮي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ و دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻓﻀﺎي ﺑﻴﻨﺎﺑﻴﻨﻲ و ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﻴﻦ آن ﻫﺎ را ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺑﻲ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ. ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻪ ﺣﻮزه ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ، اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ و ﺑﺼﺮي ﺑﻪ روش ﭼﻚ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه اي و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه و در ﺳﻪ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ، ﻣﻮرد ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. در اﻳﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اي در ﺳﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮرﻳﺖ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ، اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ و ﺑﺼﺮي ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ و ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري 90 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺎن ﺳﻪ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﻛﺮﻣﺎن و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSS 26 و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ و ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ، اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ و ﺑﺼﺮي ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ را در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎري ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣﺎن را ﺑﺮاي اﻳﺠﺎد ﻳﻚ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻳﺎري ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ از ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻋﺪم ﺑﻬﺮه وري ﻛﺎرﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ، از آن ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮﻧﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
The pattern of arrangement of residential blocks regarding the quality of navigation for the residents is one of the most important components in designing residential environments. The reason of studying in-between space is the significance of its design in increasing the residents navigating quality. In some contemporary residential patterns, some of features of in-between spaces have been omitted or, if existing, don’t have an appropriate spatial quality.
Navigation in In- between space of the residential environment is of the great importance subject. Significant components are effective in enhancing the optimal quality of routing.
Therefore, creating environmental backgrounds has a great significance for increasing the navigating quality in residential settings in-between spaces, since it causes the audiences route readability and as a result raises the spatial quality. This study showed that studying the factors effective on navigating quality from audiences' viewpoint and in the after residence stage may yield effective findings for promotion of planning and design of the residential blocks in-between spaces.
After residence evaluation depends on the study of effective factors organization which is the accurate recognition of these factors and their effectiveness in navigating from the residents' viewpoint. In this paper, based on performed studies, the components effective on the audience-oriented navigation were identified and classified in three environmental, human and visual domains. This study evaluates the factors effective in designing in-between space and the relation between them regarding navigation. The history of the subject of the relation of inside and outside space has a close relation with the topics discussed in the domain of environmental psychology and behavioral sciences. The need to such debates in the housing ground and relating to what people want their houses was revealed after the failure of some residential projects constructed in 1950s and 1960s.
Comparing the obtained parameters the relations between the components of visual perception may be studied regarding the study's objective. For more clarification of the problem, the objects of the study are mentioned as follows:
1- Finding the factors effective on navigation and environmental perception
2- Finding the relation between the components effective in navigation
For finding the environmental-human and visual factors, at first field study of the residential complexes in in-between space was performed, then regarding the studied theoretical fundamentals, a table of these factors was prepared.
At first, the mentioned components were scrutinized with the content analysis and then were assessed in three residential complexes with structured observation checklist and questionnaire with 90-person statistical population. The questionnaire was codified in three sections based on the components. Data analysis was performed with the aim of finding the significance and relation of the components with each other with SPSS Version 26 software and using Friedman test.
The results of study show that from the residents' perception perspective, the balance between three environmental, visual and human components leads to creation of a more optimal space for navigation. These factors were categorized in three groups. It should be mentioned that the components extraction was performed from the research literature and based on the observational checklist and taking notes.
Based on Friedman test, the components priority based on their influence rate according to the findings includes respectively visual component, human component and environmental component
Also, regarding Freidman test, the environmental variable components in the order of significance includes:
Form, stimulus of light, color, knot, sequence, spatial, road, contrast, edge, mark
Ranking of human variables of components includes: social liveliness, readability, security, control and supervision, availability, pedestrian orientation
Ranking of visual variable components includes environment, area, concentration and compression, centuriation, occlusion
This study seeks to prove the balance among environmental, human and visual components and finally suggests the designers of this domain to extract a checklist of all effective items resulting from these three components in pre-residence design and their relation with each other. Also, the relation between these variables was extracted based on triple variables.
The result of the study shows that the balance between three components may aid the audience in selecting their path. Also, the results of the study helps the designers for creating a framework based on effective factors to be utilized in pre-residence design due to lack of access to environmental user.
