ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﮕﯽ ﺣﻘﻮق، ﻓﻘﻪ و اﺧﻼق ذﯾﻞ اﺻﻞ اﻧﺴﺠﺎم ﺑﺮاي اﺛﺒﺎت ﺷﻔﻌﻪ در اﻣﻮال ﻣﻨﻘﻮل و ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻨﻘﻮل ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ

Coherence of law, jurisprudence and ethics under the principle of coherence to prove preference in indivisible movable and immovable property Shofeh

اﺻﻞ اﻧﺴﺠﺎم ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﮕﯽ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ اﺧﻼق در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و از ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﮐﻪ اﺻﻞ اﻧﺴﺠﺎم در آن ﻣﻐﻔﻮل ﻣﺎﻧﺪه، ﺣﻖ ﺷﻔﻌﻪ در اﻣﻮال ﻣﻨﻘﻮل و ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻨﻘﻮل ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در ﻣﻮاد 808 و 815 ق.م ﺣﻖ ﺷﻔﻌﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﻣﻮال ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻨﻘﻮل و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺣﮑﻢ ﺷﺪه اﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮاد از دو ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﯾﺮادﻧﺪ؛ اﻟﻒ( ﻓﻘﻬﯽ: در اﺛﺒﺎت ﺣﻖ ﺷﻔﻌﻪ ﻧﻈﺮي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ ادﻟﻪي ﻓﻘﻬﯽ، ﺣﻖ ﺷﻔﻌﻪ را در اﻣﻮال ﻣﻨﻘﻮل و ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻨﻘﻮل ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺟﺎري ﻣﯽداﻧﺪ؛ ب( اﺧﻼﻗﯽ: ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ اﺻﻞ اﻧﺴﺠﺎم ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﮕﯽ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ و اﺧﻼق ﺣﻖ ﺷﻔﻌﻪ در اﯾﻦ اﻣﻮال ﺟﺎري اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ و درﺻﺪد ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻫﺎﯾﯽ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ؛ »اﺻﻞ اﻧﺴﺠﺎم ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺛﺒﺎت ﺣﻖ ﺷﻔﻌﻪ در اﻣﻮال ﻣﻨﻘﻮل و ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻨﻘﻮل ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ دﻻﻟﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ؟«ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺣﻖ ﺷﻔﻌﻪ در اﻣﻮال ﻣﺬﮐﻮر در ﺳﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ از ادﻟﻪ ارﺑﻌﻪ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ)ﺳﻨﺖ، اﺟﻤﺎع و ﻋﻘﻞ( و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ اﺻﻞ اﻧﺴﺠﺎم ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ و اﺧﻼق ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﺳﺖ و ﻋﺪم ﭘﺬﯾﺮش اﯾﻦ ﻗﻮل ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ وﺟﻮدي ﺷﻔﻌﻪ، ﻋﺪم ﺗﺪﻗﯿﻖ در ادﻟﻪ ارﺑﻌﻪ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ و آراء ﻓﻘﻬﺎ و ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺻﻞ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ-اﺧﻼﻗﯽ اﻧﺴﺠﺎم اﺳﺖ.

The principle of coherence means the connection of laws with morality in society, and of the rights in which the principle of coherence has been neglected, the right of pre-emption is indivisible in movable and immovable property. Articles 808 and 815 BC provide for the right of pre-emption for immovable and divisible property, but these articles can be challenged in two ways; A) Jurisprudence: In proving the right of pre-emption is a theory that, based on jurisprudential arguments, considers the right of pre-emption in movable and immovable property indivisible; B) Ethical: Based on the principle of coherence of the rules of law and ethics, the right of pre-emption is current in this property. The present study was conducted by descriptive-analytical method and seeks to answer questions such as; "How does the principle of coherence imply the proof of the right of pre-emption in indivisible movable and immovable property?" The right of pre-emption in the mentioned property is fixed in three reasons of the four jurisprudential evidences (Sunnah, consensus and reason) and by invoking the principle of coherence of laws and ethics. an‎d the opinions of jurists and not paying attention to the legal-moral principle is coherence.