ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ اﯾﺮاد رد دادرس در ﻓﻘﻪ اﻣﺎﻣﯿﻪ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮدي ﺑﺮ اﺳﻨﺎد ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ

Review on the Basics of Rejection of Judge in Imamiyeh Figh with a look at International Document1

ﺑﺮاي رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ دﻋﻮا ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ، ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ از آﻧﮑﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻗﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ دﻋﻮاي اﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺪه را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، دادرﺳﯽ ﮐﻪ رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ دﻋﻮا از ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﻘﺎم ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﺑﻪ او ارﺟﺎع ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ دادرﺳﯽ ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ ﺷﺨﺼﯽ ﺑﺮاي رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎن دﻋﻮا را دارا ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، اﺳﺘﻘﻼل و رﻋﺎﯾﺖ اﺻﻞ ﺑﯽ ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺟﻬﺎت رد دادرس ﺑﻮده و ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه اﺻﻞ دادرﺳﯽ ﻋﺎدﻻﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ و در ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﻘﻮق دادرﺳﯽ ﻣﺪﻧﯽ، ﮐﯿﻔﺮي و اداري ﺑﻪ آن ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه، در دوران اﺳﻼﻣﯽ دادرﺳﺎن از ﻃﺮف رﺋﯿﺲ ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺧﻠﯿﻔﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﯾﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ در اﯾﻦ دوران ﺑﻪ ﻏﯿﺮ از ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ از ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ و اﺣﮑﺎم ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﭘﺎدﺷﺎﻫﺎن، ﺣﻘﻮق اﯾﺮان ﺑﺮ ﻣﺪار ﻓﻘﻪ ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، ﻓﻠﺬا ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﮐﺎﺳﺘﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در ﮐﺘﺐ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ، اﺻﻮل و ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ آﯾﯿﻦ دادرﺳﯽ ﻓﺮاﻣﻠﯽ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ و ﺗﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد و اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﮐﻪ در ﻓﻘﻪ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ و ﻧﯿﺰ در اﺻﻮل دادرﺳﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ و در ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺪن، ﻣﻮﺿﻮع رد دادرس ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻃﺮح و ﭼﻪ ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ در راﺳﺘﺎي اﯾﺠﺎد دادرﺳﯽ ﻋﺎدﻻﻧﻪ ذﮐﺮ و ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ اﺻﻼح را ﺑﻮﺟﻮد آورده و ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪودي ﺧﻸ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﮐﻤﺒﻮد ادﺑﯿﺎت آﯾﯿﻦ دادرﺳﯽ را ﺟﺒﺮان ﮐﻨﺪ.

In 0 rder to hearing any case based on the rules of jurisdiction, aside from the fact that the judicial authority must has jurisdiction to hear the case, a judge who is refereed by the authority should also have personal jurisdiction to hear the same case on the basis of rules of judgement. Independence and observance of the principle of neutrality have been bases of rejection to the judge, guaranteed principle of just judgement, and has been dealt with in the branches of civil, criminal and administrative judgement. In the Islamic era, judges were appointed by the head of government that is khalifa. In this era, except for certain points of the history and rulings of some king, law in Iran has been based on jurisprudence; so, regarding the legal shortcomings, in addition to study just jurisprudential books, it is necessary also to consider principles and rules of transnational procedure cod. As well as, that how the issue of rejection to judge is raised in Islamic jurisprudence, in the principles of international judgment, and in the direction of globalization, and which appropriate guarantees are mentioned and anticipated in line of just judgment can create the context of correction and somewhat compensate void caused by the lack of judgement code.