ﮐﻨﮑﺎﺷﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻫﺎ و ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ در اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎنﺷﺮﻗﯽ

Exploring the opportunities and challenges of foreign investment in East Azerbaijan province

ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ وﯾﮋهاي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ-ﮔﺬاران داﺧﻠﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ در ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ ﺳﺮي ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ و ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎ و ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ در اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن-ﺷﺮﻗﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺠﺎري ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ و ﺟﻠﻔﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊآوري دادهﻫﺎ از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﻻي ﺳﺆاﻻت ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ، ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﻦ ﺣﻮزه ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاريﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ و ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاران ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ و ﺟﻠﻔﺎ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﮐﻮﮐﺮان اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 429ﻧﻔﺮ در ﺣﻮزه ﺳﺮ ﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻃﺒﻘﻪاي ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ و روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار SPSSو ﺑﺮاي آزﻣﻮن ﻣﺪل ﻧﻈﺮي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزي ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري )ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار Amos( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ در دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ و ﺟﻠﻔﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻮروﮐﺮاﺳﯽ اداري دﺳﺖ و ﭘﺎ ﮔﯿﺮ، ﻧﺒﻮد ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ، ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺾ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ، ﻧﺒﻮد وﻓﺎق و ﻫﻤﺪﻟﯽ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﻦ و ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﺑﻮدن ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري و ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻮدآوري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ، ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﻮدن ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ، ﺑﺎزارﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ، دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﺮان و اﻣﮑﺎن رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮐﺸﻮر ﻣﯿﺰﺑﺎن ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ )ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ، اﻋﺘﻤﺎد و اﻧﺴﺠﺎم اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ( ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ )ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ( ) 0/55=r( ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ وﺟﻮد دارد. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﮔﺬاري ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ 0/46 ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﮔﺬاري ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ دارد. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ، ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از اﯾﻦ واﻗﻌﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ در دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ و ﺟﻠﻔﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت از ﻫﻢ ﺑﻮده و در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺷﻬﺮ ﺟﻠﻔﺎ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Investment as one of the components of the development of the society is of special importance. and domestic or foreign investors in every society face a series of obstacles and problems to invest. This research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the opportunities and challenges of foreign investment in East Azerbaijan province, with an emphasis on the two commercial areas of Tabriz and Jolfa. The current research method is a survey and a questionnaire was used to collect data. The results obtained from Cronbach's alpha and factor analysis indicated high validity and reliability of the questions. The statistical population included foreign investments authorities and foreign investors in the Tabriz and Jolfa. The sample size of 429 people was obtained by Cochran's method in the field of foreign investment. Finally, the desired samples were selected by proportional stratified sampling and simple random sampling. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software was used and structural equation modeling (Amos software) was used to test the theoretical model of the research. The identified challenges of foreign investment in the two regions of Tabriz and Jolfa include: cumbersome administrative bureaucracy, lack of optimal implementation plans, contradictions in implementation plans, lack of agreement and empathy between authorities and long investment process. Investment opportunities also includes more profitability, low production costs, proper marketing, proper access to workers and the possibility of more competition with the products of the host country. The research findings show that, there is a significant direct correlation between the independent variable of social capital (with three dimensions of participation, trust and social cohesion) and foreign investment (dependent variable) (r=0.55). Also, examining the effect of social capital on foreign investment shows that, social capital has a 0.46 effect on the amount of foreign investment. Also, the findings indicate the fact that, the amount of foreign investment in the two regions of Tabriz and Jolfa is different and it is reported more in Tabriz than Jolfa.