عوامل مؤثر بر بكارگيري ابزارهاي ارتباطي ناهمزمان در دانشجويان كارشناسي ارشد تكنولوژي آموزشي

The Influential Factors in the Use of Asynchronous Communication Tools among M.A. Students of Educational Technology

اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد 224 ﻧﻔﺮ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﺷﺎﻏﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ارﺷﺪ رﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺘﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺟﻨﻮب در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ 93 – 92 ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃّﻼﻋﺎن ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان اﺑﺰار اﺻﻠﯽ ﺟﻤﻊآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اﺳﺘﻔﺎدهﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺟﺪول ﻣﻮرﮔﺎن، ﺗﻌﺪاد 140 ﻧﻔﺮ از داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ از ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦﮐﻪ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎي ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ، ﻣﻘﺪار 0/826 ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ، ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻮردﻧﻈﺮ داراي ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﻗﺒﻮل ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﺑﺨﺶ آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ از ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ و ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ درﺻﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﺳﺆال و در ﺑﺨﺶ آﻣــﺎر اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﺑـﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻓـــﺮﺿﯿﻪﻫﺎي ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫــﺎ از آزﻣﻮن ﮐﻮﻟﻤﻮﮔﺮوف-اﺳﻤﯿﺮﻧﻒ و آزﻣﻮن ﺧﯽدو ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎدهﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ارﺷﺪ رﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻓﺮدي، ﻧﮕﺮﺷﯽ، ﻓﻨﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺘﯽ و اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ در ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﻧﺎﻫﻢزﻣﺎن ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.

This applied study is a descriptive survey. The statistical population consists of a total of 224 MA students of Educational Technology studying in the Faculty of Psychology in the Islamic Azad University of Tehran South Branch in the 2013-2014 academic year. In this survey, the standard IT questionnaire was applied as the data collection tool. Out of this population, according to Morgan Table, 140 students were selected as the sample size through the simple random method. Reliability of the survey was measured to be 0.826 by Cronbach’s Alpha, indicating that the questionnaire has an acceptable reliability ratio. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage frequency) as well as inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Chi-squared test were used to analyze the data. Results of this survey show that from the perspective of MA students in Educational Technology, individual, attitudinal, technological, economic, situational and human factors are influential in applying asynchronous communication tools.