ميزان رعايت اصول روانشناختي در تدوين كتاب علوم دوم ابتدايي از نظر معلمان زن شهر‌هاي اصفهان و تهران

The Observance of Psychological Principles in the Compilation of the Second Secondary School Book on Female Teachers in Isfahan and Tehran

ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان رﻋﺎﯾﺖ اﺻﻮل رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﮐﺘﺎب ﻋﻠﻮم دوم اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن زن ﺑﻮد. ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، در ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎي ﻓﺮدي، ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ اﻫﺪاف آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ، ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت درﺳﯽ و روشﻫﺎي ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن زن ﭘﺎﯾﻪ دوم اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ در دو ﺷﻬﺮ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن و ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع آن650 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ 260 ﻧﻔﺮ در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ 5ﮔﺎﻧﻪ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن و390 ﻧﻔﺮ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ22 ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ و ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي ﭼﻨﺪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ، در ﺷﻬﺮ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ2و 3 و در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ10 ،7 ،6و 11 ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ، در ﺷﻬﺮ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن 86 ﻧﻔﺮ و در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان 97 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. رواﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از رواﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮاﻧﺒﺎخ 0/888 ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ، از آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارSpss20 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ، ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﻣﺤﺘﻮا ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺳﻨﯽ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 2 /32 و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﺎن ﭘﯿﺶ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪه در اﺑﺘﺪاي ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 2/07 و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺜﺎل ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 2/09 ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﮐﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري، 2/19 ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري، از ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﻄﺎي 0/05ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻓﺮﺿﯽ 2/25 و ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﻮدن آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﮐﺘﺎب ﻋﻠﻮم دوم اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which psychological principles were observed in the Second Secondary Science Book. Attention to the psychological aspect is very important in recognizing individual differences, setting educational goals, learning topics and teaching methods. This study was conducted using descriptive-survey method. All female teachers of the second elementary school in Isfahan and Tehran are the statistical population of this study. The sample size of this study is 86 in Isfahan and 97 in Tehran. Required data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. Content validity was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire and to determine the reliability of the Cronbach alpha coefficient. To analyze the findings of the questionnaire, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. In descriptive statistics, the statistical characteristics: frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were calculated and in inferential statistics, one-sample t E, independent t and analysis of one-way variance using Spss20 software. Based on the findings, given the low mean of the sample average of 2.52, it can be concluded that the psychological dimension criteria in the second science of elementary school have been less respected.