جايگاه برنامه درسي روييدني در بين معلمان ابتدايي شهر مشهد و ضرورت پرداختن به آن

The Position of Emergent curriculum Among Elementary Teachers in Mashhad and its necessity

ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺿﺮوري ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت در راﺳﺘﺎي ارﺗﻘﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻧﻈﺎم ﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷـﯽ، ﺗﺤـﻮل در ﻧﮕﺮش و روش ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن ﻧﻈﺎم آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺑـ ﺎ ﻫـﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳـ ﯽ ﺗﺠـ ﺎرب زﯾﺴﺘﻪ ي ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ از ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ در ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﯾﺎددﻫﯽ ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي روﯾﯿﺪﻧﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﺣﯿـ ﺚ ﻫـﺪف در زﻣـﺮه ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫـ ﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﻗﺮار دارد و از ﺣﯿﺚ روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﭘﺪﯾﺪارﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﯿﺪان ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣـﺪارس ﻣﻘﻄـﻊ اﺑﺘـﺪاﯾﯽ ﺷـﻬﺮ ﻣﺸـﻬﺪ در ﻧﯿﻢ ﺳﺎل دوم ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ 1399-1398 ﺑﻮد. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن ﻣﻮﻓﻖ در ﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﺑﺘـﺪاﯾﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨـﺪ ﻣـﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨـﺪ . ﺑـﺮا ي ﮔـﺮدآور ي اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت، از ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻓﺮدي ﺗﺎ رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ اﺷﺒﺎع ﻧﻈﺮي اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﺪ . ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺗﺠ ﺰﯾـ ﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ از ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ي اول و دوم روش ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري اﺷﺘﺮاوس و ﮐﻮرﺑﯿﻦ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري ﺑـﺎز و ﻣﺤﻮري اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺟﻬـﺖ ﮐﺴـﺐ اﻋﺘﺒـﺎر ﯾﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ از روش ﻫـ ﺎي ﺑﺮرﺳـ ﯽ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻣﺸــﺎرﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨــﺪﮔﺎن، ﺗﻮﺻــ ﯿﻒ ﺟــﺎﻣﻊ از ﺷــﺮا ﯾﻂ ﻣﺸــﺎرﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨــﺪﮔﺎن، اﻧﺘﺨــﺎب ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨــﺪ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن، ﮐﺪﮔﺬار ﺛﺎﻧﻮي و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﺳﺎﺗﯿﺪ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـ ﺪ. ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه روش ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ روﯾﯿﺪﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ، ﺑﻪ دو ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻨﻔﻌﻼﻧـﻪ و ﻓﻌﺎﻻﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ روﯾﯿﺪﻧﯽ، وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان در ﺳﻦ اﺑﺘـﺪاﯾﯽ و ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮات آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺣﺎﺻﻞِ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ روﯾﯿﺪﻧﯽ، ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ روش ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ را ﺿـﺮوري ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ.

One of the most essential changes in improving the performance of educational systems is the change in attitude and teaching method of teachers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of elementary teachers teaching in emergent learning situations. Due to the nature of the subject under study, the present study is one of the applied researches in terms of purpose and the research method is qualitative and descriptive phenomenological. The field of study was Mashhad elementary schools in the second semester of the year 1398-1999. The sample of the study consisted of successful elementary teachers who were studied as purposeful sample. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to obtain theoretical saturation. The first and second steps of Strauss and Corbin encoding, open and axial encoding, were used to analyze the data. Validation of the research findings was done by participant review methods, comprehensive description of participants' conditions, purposeful selection of participants, secondary coding, and expert review. The results show that the place of popular emergent teaching method among elementary teachers in Mashhad is both passive and active. Also, the characteristics of emergent instruction, the characteristics of elementary school students, and the educational implications of using emergent instructional teaching, necessitate this method of teaching.