ﻧﮕﺮش ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن ﭘﯿﺶدﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ

Challenges and Problems of Preschool Teachers

ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن ﭘﯿﺶ از دﺑﺴﺘﺎن و اراﺋـﻪ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺖ اﺻﻼح و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ )ﮐﻤـﯽ و-ﮐﯿﻔﯽ( و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪيآﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻠﯿﻪي ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن ﭘﯿﺶ دﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن آق ﻗﻼ اﺳﺖ. در ﺑﺨﺶﮐﯿﻔﯽ از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺑﺮﻓﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس 15 ﻧﻔـﺮ ﮐـﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ درﺳﯽ و اﺟﺮاي دوره ﭘﯿﺶ دﺑﺴـﺘﺎﻧﯽ و داراي ﺗﺠﺮﺑـﻪ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻣﺪت در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ دوره ي ﭘﯿﺶ دﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ . اﺑـﺰار ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻧﯿﻤـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﯾﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ﺟﻬـﺖ دﺳـﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺸـﮑﻼت و ﭼـﺎﻟﺶ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﯿـﺎن دوره ﭘﯿﺶ دﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪي ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑـﺮ اﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳﺘﻪ از داده ﻫﺎ و از ﻃﺮح ﻧﻮﺧﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﮔﻠﯿﺰر ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﻃﯿـﻒ ﻟﯿﮑﺮت 7 درﺟﻪ اي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ 2 ،5 و 3 ﺳﻮال در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ داﻧﺶ، ﻣﻬﺎرت و آﻣﻮزش ﺑﻮد. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﻮاﻻت ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از روﯾﮑﺮد دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ و از ﻧﻈﺮﮐﻤـﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ 12 ﻧﻔﺮ از اﺳﺎﺗﯿﺪ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ رواﯾﯽﻣﺤﺘﻮا )CVR( و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ رواﯾﯽﻣﺤﺘﻮا )CVI( ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﻟﻔﺎيﮐﺮﻧﺒﺎخ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 0/87 ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ آﻣﺪ و درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺮازﻧﺪﮔﯽ آن ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪي، ﻣﻮردﭘـﺬﯾﺮش ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓـﺖ . ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖآﻣﺪه 3 ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ي داﻧﺶ، ﻣﻬﺎرت و آﻣﻮزش ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺆﻟﻔـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ ﺑـﺮ ﮐﯿﻔﯿـﺖ اﺟـﺮاي دوره ي ﭘﯿﺶ دﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﮐﻪ در ارﺗﻘﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ اﺟـﺮاي ﮐﺎرورزي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ درﺳﯽ و داراي ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﻠﻨـﺪ ﻣﺪت در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ دوره ي ﭘﯿﺶ دﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ.

The main purpose of this study is to identify challenges and problems of pre - school teachers and provide solutions to improve them. The research method is a combination of applied (quantitative and qualitative) and statistical population of research in the qualitative section, including all preschool teachers in Aqqala city. In the qualitative section, the snowball sampling was used, according to which 15 people were selected who included experts in this field of preschool curriculum and implementation and had long-term experience in teaching preschool. The research tools included semi-structured interviews to address the problems and challenges of preschool educators. Then, in order to measure the research variables, the researcher-made questionnaire was designed based on the findings of the theory derived from the data and the newly developed Glaser design based on the 7-point Likert scale, which included 5, 2 and 3 questions in knowledge, skills and education. Then, two-step approach was used to investigate the research questions and with the help of 12 professors, the content validity coefficient (CVR) and the content validity index (CVI) were reviewed and approved. Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha with an average of 0.87 and finally its suitability was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Based on the results, 3 components of knowledge, skills and education were recognized as components affecting the quality of pre-school implementation and the status of these components were effective in enhancing the quality of internship performance, from the experts' point of view in the field of curriculum and with long-term experience in the field. Areas of pre-school teaching were assessed.