تدريس به منزله ي عملي فرهنگي

Teaching as a cultural practice

اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﻓﻬﻢ ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪف، روﯾﮑﺮد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪه، از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ در دﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﻮده و روش ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت، ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه داده ﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت و ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ در ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه داده ﮔﻮﮔﻞ اﺳﮑﻮﻻر و ﺳﺎﯾﻨﺲ داﯾﺮﮐﺖ )ﺑﺎ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮي ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ، ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ، ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ( و ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ در ﻣﻘﺎﻻت و ﮐﺘﺐ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﺑﻮد. روﻧﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻧﯿﺰ اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ و ﺳﭙﺲ اراﺋﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺼﺎدﯾﻖ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻬﻢ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮات ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ و ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﯾﺎددﻫﯽ/ ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ارﺗﺒﺎط،اﻧﮕﯿﺰش و راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﯾﺎددﻫﻨﺪه و ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪه ﮐﻪ در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ و ﯾﺎددﻫﯽ ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﻘﺶ ﻋﻤﺪه اي اﯾﻔﺎ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺻﺮﻓﺎ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻤﯽ رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻧﺒﻮده و ﻣﺘﺎﺛﺮ از ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، و ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ را ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻨﺼﻮرت ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ از ﺣﯿﺚ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، ﺿﺮورت دارد ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ از ﺣﯿﺚ ﺧﺎﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ درك ﻣﻮﺳﻊ و ﻓﻬﻢ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ از ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ.

This study conducted to understand teaching as a cultural practice. In this regard, according to the aim, the approach of research is qualitative and descriptive analytic method is used for data analysis. The research sample is the purposive sample of available resources and the method of data collection has direct search in the sources of databases including findings from the history of studies and related articles in English sources in the Google Scholar and Science Direct database (by searching for the concepts of teaching, culture, teaching and culture, teaching as culture) and searching for articles and books Related to the subject in Persian with the same concepts. The process of analysis was first to study the concepts of culture and teaching and then to present the findings and examples related to the subject of this study in comparative studies and analysis of research background to understand the cultural effects on the concept of teaching and learning process. Findings show that the three components of communication, motivation and cognitive strategies of teacher and learner that play a major role in the teaching and learning process are not just psychological concepts and are influenced by culture, and teaching as a cultural practice can also be considered in this case, in addition to the factors affecting teaching in terms of psychological fundamentals, it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in terms of sociological and cultural origins, which will result in a broader understanding of the concept of teaching.