بررسي نظام تربيت معلم در فنلاند با تاكيد بر دانشگاه تربيت معلم حرفه اي جمك

The study of the teacher training in Finland (Jamk Professional Teacher Training University)

ﺗﺠﺎرب ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﺮو و روﻧﺪ ﮐﺴﺐ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻬﺎرﺗﻬﺎي ﺣﺮﻓﻪ اي ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺷﺎﯾﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ارﺗﻘﺎ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫـ ﺎ و روش ﻫـﺎي آﻣـﻮزش و اﺟـﺮاي دور ه ﻫـ ﺎ در ﮐﺸﻮر ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻫﺪف، ﺷﯿﻮه ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي و اﺟـﺮاي واﺣـﺪﻫ ﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ درﺳﯽ داﻧﺸﺠﻮ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن در ﮐﺸﻮرﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪ ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳـﺖ. اﯾـﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑـﺎ روﯾﮑـ ﺮد ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿـﺎز از ﻃﺮﯾـﻖ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ و داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ اي ﺟﻤﮏ ﮐﺸﻮر ﻓﻨﻼﻧـﺪ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟ ﻌـﻪ اﺳﻨﺎد و ﻣﺪارك ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي و ﻧﯿﺰﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت و ﮔﺰارش ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺸـﯽ در ﭘﺎﯾﮕـﺎه ﻫـﺎي داده، ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه و در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﻓﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑـﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪه اﺳـ ﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮐﺸﻮر ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺟـﺎﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﺣﺮﻓـﻪ اي دارد و ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ داراي ﻣﺪارس ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑـﺎ داﻧﺸـﮕﺎه ﻫـ ﺎ ﺑـﺮاي اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿـﺖ ﮐـﺎر ﻣـﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ . آﻣـ ﻮزش داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ، ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن را ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺑﻮدن و ﺷﺎﻏﻞ ﺷﺪن آﻣﺎده ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳـﻬﻢ ﻋﻤـﺪ هاي در ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ در ﯾﮏ ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ ﻣﺪل اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در آﻧﺠﺎ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﻣﯽآﻣﻮزﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧـﻪ آﻣـﻮزش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ-ﻣﺤﻮر را اراﺋﻪ دﻫﻨﺪ و ﻣﺒﺘـﺪي ﻫـ ﺎ را ﻧﻈـﺎرت ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨـﺪ . در ﭘﺎﯾـﺎن ﭘﯿﺸـﻨﻬﺎداﺗﯽ ﺑـ ﻪ دﺳـﺖ اﻧﺪرﮐﺎران ﺣﻮزه ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﺎزي ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ در ﺗﺮﺑﯿـﺖ ﻣﻌﻠـﻢ و اﺟـﺮاي ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ي دوره ﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ.

International experiences of teacher training in developed countries and the process of acquiring and developing professional skills can help to improve the programs and methods of education and implementation of courses in our country. In order to achieve this goal, the methods of planning and implementation of student-teacher curricula in Finland are studied. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and using a descriptive analytical method. The required information collected through direct observation of professional teacher training university in Finland and the study of library documents as well as the translation of research articles. The results showed that Finland has comprehensive professional development programs and experimental schools related to universities to increase the quality of work. University education prepares teachers for research and employment and includes a major contribution to clinical practice in a model school where students learn how to deliver research-oriented education and supervise beginners. In the end, suggestions made to those involved in teacher training to get the optimal implementation of training courses.