رابطه فرايندهاي تحصيلي معطوف به خود و عملكرد تحصيلي: پژوهشي مروري

Relationship between self-directed educational processes and academic performance: A review research

ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻌﻄﻮف ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد )ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ ﺑـﺮ روﯾﮑـﺮد ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ- اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ( و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﯾﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ و اراﺋﻪ ﻣـﺪﻟﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺮوري اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﺗـﺎ ﺣـﺪ اﺷـﺒﺎع ﻧﻈﺮي و ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ 36ﻣﺘﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه اي ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻨﺪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎت اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪه، ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﻮدن ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺮ ادراك اﻓﺮاد از ﺧﻮد" ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﯿﻦ اﯾـﻦ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﺑﻮده و اﯾﻦ رواﺑﻂ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ در آﻣﻮزش ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن، ﺗﺄﮐﯿـﺪ و ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت در آﻣﻮزش ﻫﺮﯾﮏ از ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ اﺛﺮ ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ و راﺑﻄـﻪ اي ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﺑـﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ و ادراك از ﺧﻮد و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ آن وﺟﻮد دارد. در ﭘﺎﯾـﺎن ﻣﺪل ﻧﻈﺮي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن رواﺑﻂ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻌﻄﻮف ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اراﺋﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪ. ﺑـﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳـﺪ ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧـﺪن آﻣـﻮزش ﻓﺮاﯾﻨـﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﺼـﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻌﻄﻮف ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد در ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻣﺪارس و داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ درﺳﯽ و آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ، زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ و ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮ ﻓﺮاﮔﯿـﺮان را ﻓـﺮاﻫﻢ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﻧﻤﻮد.

The main purpose of this study is to identify self-directed educational processes (with emphasis on cognitive-social approach) and to investigate their interrelationship with academic performance and provide an appropriate model in this field. For this purpose, a review research method was used. The study was carried out in a systematic manner to the extent of theoretical saturation and by examining 36 scientific texts. Studies confirm that educational processes are based on people's perception of "self" and showed that there is a reciprocal relationship between these processes and these relationships show that in educating learners, emphasis and interventions in teaching each component over the other component. There is an interrelationship between academic performance and self-perception as well as related academic processes. At the end, a suitable theoretical model about the relationships between academic processes was presented. Based on the results of this study, it seems that the inclusion of self-directed academic processes in the list of educational programs of schools and universities and changing the structure of their curriculum and educational in this regard, will provide the background for excellence and progress of learners.