تاثير توانبخشي شناختي مبتني بر رايانه بر كاركردهاي اجرايي (توجه انتخابي، حافظه كاري و بازداري رفتاري) دانش آموزان با اختلال يادگيري خاص

The Impact of Computer-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation (ARAM software) on Executive Functions (Selective Attention, Working Memory, and Behavioral Inhibition) of Students with Specific Learning Disorders

ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻮاﻧﺒﺨﺸﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ راﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ)ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ، ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﮐﺎري و ﺑﺎزداري رﻓﺘﺎري( در ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻼل ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي ﺧﺎص ﺑﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﯿﻤﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ)ﭘﯿﺶ آزﻣﻮن – ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻮاه و ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮي( اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ را ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻼل ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي ﺧﺎص) 10اﻟﯽ 12ﺳﺎﻟﻪ( ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽ داد، ﮐﻪ در ﺑﺎزه اول ﻣﻬﺮ ﺗﺎ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ آﺑﺎن ﻣﺎه 1397ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﻬﺮ اردﺑﯿﻞ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﺮده ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ) 123ﻧﻔﺮ( . ﺗﻌﺪاد 30ﻧﻔﺮ از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ )اﻧﺘﺨﺎب داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان داوﻃﻠﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺮﮐﺖ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ( اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ)16ﻧﻔﺮ ﭘﺴﺮ و 14ﻧﻔﺮ دﺧﺘﺮ(. و ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ از آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺮوپ)ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(، ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﺮك ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻦ)ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﮐﺎري( و ﺑﺮو/ ﻧﺮو)ﺑﺎزداري رﻓﺘﺎري( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺗﮑﺎﻟﯿﻒ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺒﺨﺸﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ را در 12ﺟﻠﺴﻪ 45دﻗﯿﻘﻪ اي و در ﻣﺪت ﭼﻬﺎر ﻫﻔﺘﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم دادﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ داده ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺮوپ، ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﺮك ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻦ و ﺑﺮو/ﻧﺮو داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﮔﻮاه ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري وﺟﻮد دارد)0/01

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of computer-based rehabilitation on executive functions (selective attention, working memory and behavioral inhibition) in children with special learning disabilities. This research was conducted by quasi-experimental method (pre-test - post-test with control and follow-up group) in which the statistical population consisted of all students with special learning disabilities (10 to 12 years old), which in the first period of October to mid In November 2016, they had referred to the Center for Learning Disabilities in Ardabil (123 people). Thirty of them were selected by purposive sampling (selection of volunteer students to participate in the study) (16 boys and 14 girls). Strop tests (selective attention), one back test (working memory) and go / do not go (behavioral inhibition) were used to measure executive functions. The students in the experimental group performed cognitive rehabilitation package assignments in 12 sessions of 45 minutes over a period of four weeks. The results of analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of Stroop post-tests, a previous stimulus and go /do not go students in the experimental and control groups (p <0.01). In addition, the results of correlated t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the results of the post-test and follow-up. The executive functions of students with special learning disabilities are enhanced by performing computer-based cognitive rehabilitation package assignments, and given that Aram computer-based cognitive rehabilitation package assignments, in addition to being appropriate for students' age, can have executive functions (selective attention, Improve working memory and behavioral inhibition) Students with learning disabilities, can be used by researchers and therapists in the field of learning disabilities.