بررسي اثرات كاربري‌ زمين بر ترافيك شهري نمونه موردي: بخش مركزي شهر شيراز

Studying of the effects of land use on urban traffic (Case study: Central part of Shiraz City)

اﻣﺮوزه ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي زﻣﯿﻦ ﺷﻬﺮي از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﻬﺮ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ و ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮاﻓﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﻤﻞ وﻧﻘﻞ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ و ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑـﻞ اﺳـﺖ . در واﻗـﻊ ﺣﻤـﻞ وﻧﻘـﻞ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي زﻣﯿﻦ ﺷﻬﺮي، ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ را ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﮐﻪ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ در ﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﺮ دﯾﮕﺮي اﺛﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺬارد و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ در ﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ درﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻫﺪاف دﯾﮕﺮي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ واﻗﻊ ﺷﻮد. ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ارزﯾـﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي زﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﺮ آﻣﺪوﺷﺪ ﺷﻬﺮي ﺷﯿﺮاز اﺳﺖ. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻔﯽ – ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠـﯽ ، ﻣﺎﻫﯿـﺖ آن ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﺑﺨـﺶ ﻣﺮﮐـﺰي ﺷـﻬﺮ ﺷﯿﺮاز و ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺣﻮزه ﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان 384 ﻧﻔﺮ و ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن 30 ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار اس ﭘﯽ اس اس ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺳﻔﺮ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺑﺎ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ را ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان در ﺿﻌﻒ ﺣﻤﻞ وﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺟﺴﺖ وﺟﻮ ﮐﺮد و ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺗﺠﺎري، وﺟﻮد ﺑﺎزار، وﺟﻮد ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ، ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﺗﻨـﻮع و اﺧـﺘﻼط ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺳﻔﺮ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﮐﺰي ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﯿﺮاز ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﯽ آﯾﻨـﺪ . ﻫـﻢ ﭼﻨـﯿﻦ ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫﺎي ﺟﺎذب ﺳﻔﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻔﺮ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري دارد. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺿﺮﯾﺐ R ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﮐﻪ ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ و ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﺑـ ﺎ 0/678 اﺳﺖ و در واﻗﻊ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه اﺛﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻫﻢ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻮدن ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫﺎي ﺟﺎذب ﺳﻔﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺳـﻔﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of land use on urban traffic in Shiraz. The research method of this descriptive-analytical research is its applied nature. The statistical population of the study, according to the purpose of the study, were all citizens of the central part of Shiraz and urban experts. The sample size of the group of citizens was calculated based on Cochran's formula of 384 people and for experts 30 people. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results indicate that the predominant travel pattern in the study area is personal vehicle travel, which can be attributed to the weakness of public transportation, as well as the results of research, commercial services, the existence of the market, the existence of collections. Religious, historical and cultural, diversity and mixing of uses are considered as factors of travel production in the central part of Shiraz. The results also showed that the focus of travel absorber uses has a positive and significant effect on the desire to travel in the study area. On the other hand, according to the value of R coefficient, which is positive and equal to 0.678, and in fact shows the positive effect and the direction of the effect of the concentration of adsorbent uses on travel to the study area.