تحليل محتواي كتاب علوم پايه ششم ابتدايي با تأكيد بر جنسيت

Content analysis of the sixth grade elementary science textbook with emphasis on gender

ﻧﻬﺎد آﻣﻮزش و ﭘﺮورش ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗـﺮ ﯾﻦ ﻧﻬﺎدﻫـ ﺎي ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﻣـ ﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ درﻃـ ﯽ دوران ﺗﺤﺼـ ﯿﻞ، ﻣﻔــﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎري را ﺑــﺮاي اﻓــﺮاد دروﻧــﯽ ﺳــﺎزد. از آن ﺟــﺎﯾﯽ ﮐــﻪ اﻣــﺮوزه ﻗﺴــﻤﺖ اﻋﻈــﻢ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿــﺖ ﻫــﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷــﯽ ﻣــﺪارس درﮐﺸــﻮرﻫﺎي در ﺣــﺎل ﺗﻮﺳــﻌﻪ، ﻧﻈﯿــﺮ ﮐﺸــﻮر اﯾــﺮان، ﺑــﺮ ﻣﺤــﻮر اﻧﺘﻘــﺎل ﻣﺤﺘــﻮ اي ﮐﺘﺎب ﻫﺎي درﺳﯽ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، ﭘـﺲ ﻣـ ﯽ ﺗـﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠـﻪ ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﻣﺤﺘـﻮ اي ﮐﺘـﺎب ﻫـ ﺎي درﺳـ ﯽ از اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻌﯽ اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﻣـ ﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ در ﺗﺸـﺪ ﯾﺪ و ﯾـ ﺎ ﺗﻀـﻌ ﯿﻒ ﻣﺮزﻫـ ﺎي ﺟﻨﺴـ ﯿﺘﯽ ﻧﻘـﺶ ﻣﻬﻤـ ﯽ را اﯾﻔــﺎء ﮐﻨــﺪ. ﻫــﺪف اﺻــﻠﯽ در ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿــﺮ ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ ﻣﺤﺘــﻮاي ﮐﺘــﺎب ﻋﻠــﻮم ﭘﺎﯾــﻪ ﺷﺸــﻢ اﺑﺘــﺪاﯾﯽ ﺑــﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿــﺪ ﺑــﺮ ﺟﻨﺴــﯿﺖ اﺳــﺖ. روش ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ در اﯾــﻦ ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻــﯿﻔﯽ از ﻧــﻮع ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ ﻣﺤﺘــﻮا اﺳــﺖ. روش ﺟﻤــﻊ آوري داه ﻫــﺎ ﺑــﻪ ﺻــﻮرت ﮐﻤــﯽ ﺑــﻮده اﺳــﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌــﻪ آﻣــﺎري اﯾــﻦ ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ 1 ﺟﻠــﺪ ﮐﺘــﺎب ﻋﻠــﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﺑــﯽ ﭘﺎﯾــﻪ ﺷﺸــﻢ اﺑﺘــﺪاﯾﯽ درﺳــﺎل ﺗﺤﺼــﯿﻠﯽ 99-400 اﺳــﺖ. ﺣﺠــﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑــﺮ ﺑــﺎ ﺣﺠــﻢ ﺟﺎﻣﻌــﻪ اﻧﺘﺨــﺎب ﺷــﺪ. اﺑﺰارﻫــﺎي اﯾــﻦ ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﻓــﺮم ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ ﻣﺤﺘــﻮاي ﺗﻮﺻــﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺼــﺎوﯾﺮ اﺳــﺖ. داده ﻫــﺎي ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣــﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﺗﺼــﺎوﯾﺮﮐﺘﺎب ﻣــﺬﮐﻮر ﺑــﻪ ﻃﻮرﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒــﺎً ﯾﮑﺴــﺎن ﺑــﻪ ﺟﻨﺴــﯿﺖ دﺧﺘﺮ و ﭘﺴـﺮ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘـﻪ اﺳـﺖ و ﺗﺒﻌـﯿﺾ ﺟﻨﺴـﯿﺘﯽ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺗـﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸـﺪ. ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ اﯾـﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت از ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﯿﺸـﯿﻨﻪ اﺳـﺖ؛ ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺴـﯿﺖ درﮐﺘـﺎب ﻋﻠـﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﺑـﯽ ﺷﺸـﻢ ﭘﺎﯾـﻪ دوره اﺑﺘـﺪاﯾﯽ درﺳﺎل 99-400 ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮ رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

In every culture, gender differences are the central way in which human beings identify themselves as individuals, organize social relations, and are a symbol of natural and social events and processes. Gender is considered as the psychological, social and cultural aspects of being a man and a woman. In most societies, the institutions that make up the rules of the game in society embody aspects of gender.The institution of education is one of the most important institutions of society that can internalize many concepts for individuals during their studies. Since most of the educational activities of schools today in developing countries, such as Iran, are focused on the transfer of textbook content, so it can be concluded that the content of textbooks is one of the main sources that can Can play an important role in intensifying or weakening gender boundaries. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the content of the sixth grade elementary science textbook with emphasis on gender.The research method in this research is descriptive content analysis. The method of collecting data was quantitative. The statistical population of this research includes 1 volume of the sixth grade elementary school experimental sciences textbook in the academic year of 400-99. The sample size was selected equal to the population size. The tools of this research are the form of descriptive content analysis of images.The data of the study indicate that the images in the book deal with the gender of girls and boys in almost the same way and no significant gender discrimination was observed. The results of this study are different from the results of the background; Therefore, gender has been observed more in the sixth grade textbook of experimental sciences in elementary school in the year 400-99.