شناسايي عوامل پيش برنده و بازدارنده مشاركت مردم در پيشگيري از جرائم زمين خواري؛ مطالعه موردي: شهر شهركرد

Identifying the factors that promote and inhibit people's participation in the prevention of land grabbing crimes; Case study: Shahrekord city

زﻣﯿﻦ ﺧﻮاري ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺷﻮم رو ﺑﻪ ﮔﺴـﺘﺮش ﻣﻔﺎﺳـﺪ اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ در ﺳـﺎل ﻫـ ﺎي اﺧﯿـﺮ اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﭼﺸﻢ ﮔﯿﺮي داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑـﻪ ارزش زﻣـﯿﻦ در ﻫـﺮ ﻧﻈـﺎم اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي و ﻋـﺪم ﺗـﺪﺑﯿﺮ ﻻزم و ﮐـﺎﻓﯽ از ﺳـﻮي دوﻟـﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﻣﺎﻟـﮏ ﺑـﺰرگ در اﯾـﺮان زﻣﯿﻨـﻪ ﻻزم ﺑـﺮاي ﺳﻮءاﺳـﺘﻔﺎده و دﺳـﺖ اﻧـﺪازي ﺑـﻪ اراﺿـﯽ دوﻟﺘـﯽ و ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻣﯽ آﯾـ ﺪ. اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺸـﺎرﮐﺖ ﻣـﺮدم ﻣـ ﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ ﯾﮑـﯽ از روش ﻫـ ﺎي ﻣﻔﯿـﺪ در اﯾـﻦ زﻣﯿﻨـﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ. ﻫــﺪف ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣــﻞ ﭘــﯿﺶ ﺑﺮﻧــﺪه و ﺑﺎزدارﻧــﺪه ﻣﺸــﺎرﮐﺖ ﻣــﺮدم در ﭘــﯿﺶ ﮔﯿــﺮي از ﺟــﺮاﺋﻢ زﻣﯿﻦ ﺧـﻮاري در ﺷـﻬﺮ ﺷـﻬﺮﮐﺮد اﺳـﺖ. روش ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻔﯽ -ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠـﯽ و ﻣﺒﺘﻨـﯽ ﺑـﺮ روش ﮐﻤـﯽ اﺳـﺖ. روش ﮔـﺮدآوري داده ﻫــﺎ، ﺑــﻪ ﺻــﻮرت ﻣﯿـﺪاﻧﯽ و اﺑــﺰار اﺻــﻠﯽ ﭘﺮﺳــﺶ ﻧﺎﻣــﻪ اﺳـﺖ. رواﯾــﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾــﻖ ﻧﺨﺒﮕــﺎن و ﭘﺎﯾــﺎﯾﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾـﻖ 30 ﭘﺮﺳــﺶ ﻧﺎﻣـﻪ در ﺳــﻄﺢ آﻟﻔـﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒــﺎخ 0/7 ﺗﺄﯾﯿـﺪ ﺷــﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ آﻣــﺎري ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ را ﻧﯿــﺰ ﺷــﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﮐﺮد ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ داده اﻧﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ آﻣـﺎري ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﻧـﺮم اﻓـﺰار، 244 ﻧﻔـﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ و ﭘﺮﺳـﺶ ﮔـﺮي ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﺗﺼـﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪ. ﻧﺘــﺎﯾﺞ ﺗـﯽ ﺗـﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ اي ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨــﺎداري ﮐـﻢ ﺗـﺮ از 0/05 ﺗﺄﯾﯿـﺪ ﮐـﺮد ﮐــﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳــﺖ ﻫــﺎ و ﺑﺴــﺘﻪ ﻫــﺎي ﺗﺸــﻮﯾﻘﯽ ﺑــﻪ ﻣــﺮدم از ﺟﻤﻠــﻪ ﺧﺒﺮﻧﮕــﺎران و روزﻧﺎﻣــﻪ ﻧﮕــﺎران ﻣــﯽ ﺗــﻮان ﮐﻤــﮏ ﺷــﺎﯾﺎن ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻏﯿﺐ و ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ روزاﻓﺰون آن ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺸـﺎرﮐﺖ ﮐﻨـﺪ و ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان دﯾـﺪﺑﺎن ﻫـﺎي ﺣﻘﯿﻘـﯽ ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌـﯽ و ﻣﻠﯽ ﻣﺮدم ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎب ﺑﯿﺎﯾﻨﺪ. ﻫـﻢ ﭼﻨـﯿﻦ ﺗﻤـﺎﻣﯽ وﯾﮋﮔـﯽ ﻫـﺎي ﺑﺎزدارﻧـﺪﮔﯽ در ﺳـﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨـﺎداري ﮐـﻢ ﺗـﺮ از 0/05 ﻗـﺮار دارﻧـﺪ. از ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ ﮔﻮﯾـﻪ ﻫـﺎ و ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﺑﺎزدارﻧـﺪه ﻣﺸـﺎرﮐﺖ ﻣـ ﯽ ﺗـﻮان ﺑـﻪ ﺧﻠـﻒ وﻋـﺪه ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺮدم ، ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺧﻮﯾﺸﺎوﻧﺪان ﺧـﻮد و ﭘـﺎرﺗﯽ ﺑـﺎزي، ﻧﺪاﺷـﺘﻦ ﺗﺠﺮﺑـﻪ ﮐـﺎرﮔﺮوﻫ ﯽ و ﻣﺸـﺎرﮐﺖ ، ﻋـﺪم آﮔـﺎﻫﯽ و اﻃـﻼع رﺳـﺎﻧﯽ ﻣـﺮدم از ﻃﺮف ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ذي رﺑﻂ و ﺑـ ﯽ اﻋﺘﻨـﺎﯾﯽ و ﺑـﯽ ﺗـﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﻣـﺮدم و ﻣﺴـﺌﻮﻟﯿﻦ اﺷـﺎره داﺷـﺖ. در ﻣﺠﻤـﻮع ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ اﯾـﻦ ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸــﺎن داد ﮐــﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣــﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔــﯽ ﻣــﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨــﺪ در ﺑﺎزدارﻧــﺪﮔﯽ ﯾــﺎ ﭘــﯿﺶ ﺑﺮﻧــﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺸــﺎرﮐﺖ ﻣــﺮدم در ﭘﯿﺶ ﮔﯿﺮي از ﺟـﺮاﺋﻢ زﻣـﯿﻦ ﺧـﻮاري در ﺷـﻬﺮ ﺷـﻬﺮﮐﺮد ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺎ اﺟـﺮاي ﻗـﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﻣـﺪون و ﻧﻈـﺎم ﻣﻨـﺪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﻣﺮدم را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮐﺮد.

Land grabbing is one of the ominous phenomena of economic corruption that has increased significantly in recent years. Due to the value of land in any economic system and the lack of necessary and sufficient measures by the government as a major owner in Iran, the necessary ground for abuse and encroachment on government and public lands is created. Using people's participation can be one of the useful methods in this field. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that promote and inhibit people's participation in the prevention of land grabbing crimes in Shahrekord. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on quantitative method. The method of data collection is field and the main tool of the questionnaire. Elite validity and reliability through 30 questionnaires were confirmed at Cronbach's alpha level of 0.7. The statistical population of the study also consists of citizens of Shahrekord. Statistical sample was calculated based on software calculation, 244 people and questioning was done randomly. The results of a single sample with a significance level of less than 0.05 confirmed that policies and incentive packages to people, including journalists, can significantly help to encourage them to participate and act as real observers. Be considered the natural and national resources of the people. Sample test shows that all inhibitory properties are at a significance level of less than 0.05. Among the items and factors hindering participation can be following promises to the people, attention to their relatives and party games, lack of experience of teamwork and participation, lack of awareness and information of the people by relevant institutions and disregard an‎d pointed to the indifference of the people and officials. The research showed that various factors can be effective in preventing or promoting people's participation in the prevention of land grabbing crimes in Shahrekord, which can provide the ground for people's participation by implementing codified and systematic laws.