تجارب سالمندان از مواجهه با شرايط همه‌گيري كرونا و روش‌هاي كنار آمدن با آن

Experiences of the elderly from facing the conditions of the Corona pandemic and ways to cope with it

ﺳــﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي ﺑــﻪ ﻃــﻮر ﻃﺒﯿﻌــﯽ ﺑﺎﻋــﺚ ﺗﻐﯿﯿــﺮات ﭼﻨــﺪ ﺑﻌــﺪي ﺟﺴــﻤﺎﻧﯽ، روان ﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤــﺎﻋﯽ در اﻓﺮاد ﻣﯽ ﺷـﻮد . در ﻋـ ﯿﻦ ﺣـﺎل ﺳـﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان آﺳـ ﯿﺐ ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي ﺑـ ﯿﺶ ﺗـﺮ ي ﻧﯿـ ﺰ در ﺣـﻮزه ﺳـﻼﻣﺖ ﺟﺴـﻤ ﯽ و رواﻧـ ﯽ دارﻧـﺪ ﮐـﻪ اﺣﺘﻤـﺎل ﺑــﺮوز ﻣﺨـﺎﻃﺮات ﻋﺪ ﯾـ ﺪه در ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﺑﯿﻤــﺎري ﮐﻮوﯾـﺪ 19 ﺑـﺮ اي آن ﻫـﺎ وﺟــﻮد دارد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫـﺪف ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑـﻪ ز ﯾﺴـﺘﻪ ﺳـﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان از ﻣﻮاﺟﻬـﻪ و ﺷـ ﯿﻮه ﻫـﺎي ﮐﻨـﺎر آﻣـﺪن ﺑـﺎ ﺷــﺮ اﯾﻂ ﻫﻤــﻪ ﮔﯿـﺮي ﮐﺮوﻧــﺎ اﻧﺠــﺎم ﺷـﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌــﻪ ﻣــﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـ ﯽ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌــﻪ ﮐﻨﻨــﺪﮔﺎن ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺮاﮐــﺰ روزاﻧــﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان در ﺷﻬﺮ ﯾﺰد ﺑﻮد. در اﯾـ ﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑـﺎ 12 ﺳـﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ ﻣﺼـﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﺎﯾﺎﻓﺘـﻪ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪ و ﺑـﺎ روش ﭘﺪﯾﺪارﺷﻨﺎﺳــﯽ ﻣــﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ ﻗــﺮار ﮔﺮﻓــﺖ. در ﭘﺎﺳــﺦ ﺑــﻪ دو ﺳــﺆال ﭘﮋوﻫﺸــﯽِ ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ ﮐﻨﻨــﺪه ﺗﺠﺮﺑــﻪ زﯾﺴــﺘﻪ ﺳــﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان از ﺷــﺮاﯾﻂ ﻫﻤــﻪ ﮔﯿــﺮيِ ﺑﯿﻤــﺎري و ﻧﯿــﺰ روش ﻫــﺎي ﮐﻨﺎرآﻣــﺪن ﺑــﺎ آن، و ﺑــﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ ﻫﻔــﺖ ﻣﺮﺣﻠــﻪ اي ﮐﻼﯾــﺰي، ﺳــﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان در ﭘﺎﺳــﺦ ﺑــﻪ ﺳــﺆال اول، ﺗﺠﺮﺑــﻪ ﻫــﺎﯾﯽ ﭼــﻮن دﻏﺪﻏـﻪ ﻫــﺎي ﻓـﺮد ي و ﻣﯿــﺎن ﻓــﺮدي و ﭘﯿﺎﻣـﺪﻫ ﺎي ﻣﺜﺒــﺖ و ﻣﻨﻔـ ﯽ را از ﺷــﺮاﯾﻂ ﻫﻤــﻪ ﮔﯿـﺮي ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿــﺮات درون ﺷﺨﺼــﯽ و ﺑــﯿﻦ ﻓــﺮدي ﮔــﺰارش ﮐﺮدﻧــﺪ. ﻫــﻢ ﭼﻨــﯿﻦ ﻣﺸــﺎرﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨــﺪﮔﺎن در ﭘﺎﺳــﺦ ﺑــﻪ ﺳـــﺆال دوم، راﻫﺒﺮدﻫـــﺎي ﻣﺘﻨـــﻮﻋﯽ در ﭼﻬـــﺎر ﺳـــﻄﺢ اﻗـــﺪاﻣﺎت ﻣﻌﻨـــﻮ ي و ﻣـــﺬﻫﺒﯽ، اﻗـــﺪاﻣﺎت ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻓـﺮد ي، ﮐﻨـﺎر آﻣـﺪن ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﺮ اﯾﻂ در ﺳـﻄﺢ ﻣﯿـﺎن ﻓـﺮدي و ﮐﻨـ ﺎر آﻣـﺪن از ﻃﺮ ﯾـ ﻖ اﻣﮑﺎﻧـ ﺎت ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮﻧﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﺮ اﯾﻂ ﻫﻤـﻪ ﮔﯿـﺮي ﺑﯿﻤـﺎر ي ﮐﺮوﻧـﺎ و ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻋﺒـﻮر از ﺷـﺮ اﯾﻂ آﺳـ ﯿﺐ زا را اﺗﺨـﺎذ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘـ ﺎﯾﺞ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﺳـﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺑـﻪ دﻟﯿـ ﻞ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮردار ي از ﭘﺨﺘﮕـ ﯽ و ﺗﺠﺮﺑـﻪ ﮐـﺎﻓ ﯽ، ﺑــﺮﺧﻼف آن ﭼــﻪ ﺗﺼــﻮر ﻣــﯽ رﻓــﺖ و ﻣــﻮرد ﺗﺄﮐﯿــﺪ رﺳــﺎﻧﻪ ﻫــﺎ در زﻣﯿﻨــﻪ آﺳــﯿﺐ ﭘــﺬﯾﺮي ﺳــﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان از ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻫﻤﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﺑﻮد، ﺑـﻪ اﯾـ ﻦ روﯾـ ﺪاد ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑـﻪ ﯾـ ﮏ ﺑﺤـﺮان ﻻ ﯾﻨﺤـﻞ ﻧﻨﮕﺮﯾﺴـﺘﻪ و ﺑـﻪ ﺷـ ﯿﻮه ﺳﺎزﮔﺎراﻧﻪ و ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯽ از آن ﻋﺒﻮر ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ.

Aging naturally causes multidimensional physical, psychological and social changes in individuals. At the same time, the elderly are more vulnerable in the area of physical and mental health, for whom there is a high risk of Covid19 disease. The aim of this study is to study the life experience of old people about how they deal with the condition of Corona virus. The study population was those who went to day care centers for the elderly in Yazd. In this study, unstructured interviews were conducted with 12 elderly people and studied by phenomenological method. to answer to two research questions examining the living experience of the elderly from the epidemic conditions and methods of dealing with it, and with the Colaizzi seven-step analysis method, the elderly reported experiences such as individual and interpersonal concerns and positive and negative consequences of epidemic conditions for intrapersonal and interpersonal changes as the answer of first question. “various strategies in four levels of spiritual and religious measures, individual health-oriented measures, dealing with interpersonal conditions and dealing with peripheral facilities against Corona virus pandemic were adopted in order to pass the harmful condition “ participants answered. Despite what was thought and emphasized by the media about the vulnerability of the elderly to the epidemic, the results of the study showed that the elderly did not view this event as an unresolved crisis due to their maturity and sufficient experience and passed it in a consistent and successful manner.