نقش داوري و كلينيك هاي خانواده در كاهش طلاق با تأكيد بر قانون جديد حمايت خانواده

The role of arbitration and family clinics in reducing divorce with emphasis on the new Family Protection Act

ﯾﮑــﯽ از ﻣﺴــﺎﺋﻠﯽ ﮐــﻪ از ﻣﻮﺿــﻮﻋﺎت ﺑــﺰرگ ﺟﻮاﻣــﻊ از ﺟﻤﻠــﻪ ﮐﺸــﻮر ﻣــﺎ اﺳــﺖ، ﺑﺤــﺚ ﻃــﻼق زوﺟــﯿﻦ اﺳﺖ، ﻣﺘﺄﺳـﻔﺎﻧﻪ آﻣـﺎر ﻃـﻼق در ﺳـﺎﯾﺮ ﺟﻮاﻣـﻊ و اﯾـﺮان رو ﺑـﻪ اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ اﺳـﺖ . و اﺛـﺮات ﺟﺒـﺮان ﻧﺎﭘـﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﻫﺎ و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒـﻊ آن ﺑـﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ دارد ﭼـﺮ ا ﮐـﻪ ﺧـﺎﻧﻮاده از ﻫﺴـﺘﻪ اي ﺗـﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ ﻣﺤﺴـﻮب ﻣــﯽ ﺷــﻮد. ﻫــﺪف اﺻــﻠﯽ اﯾــﻦ ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ ﺟﺎﯾﮕــﺎه ﮐﻠﯿﻨﯿــﮏ ﻫــﺎي ﺧــﺎﻧﻮاده در ﮐــﺎﻫﺶ ﻃــﻼق ﻣــﯽ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟــﺐ اﯾــﻦ ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ از روش ﺗﻮﺻــﯿﻔﯽ ﺑــﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨــﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧــﻪ اي ﺟﻤــﻊ آوري ﺷــﺪه اﺳــﺖ. ﻧــﻮع اﯾــﻦ ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﻮﺻــﯿﻔﯽ ﺑــﻮده ﮐــﻪ از روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧــﻪ اي اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده ﺷــﺪه اﺳــﺖ. ﺑــﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ ﻣﺘــﻮن و ﻣﻨــﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧــﻪ اي ﭼﻨــﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠــﻪ ﮔﯿــﺮي ﻣــﯽ ﺷــﻮد ﮐــﻪ اﺟــﺮاي ﺻــﺤﯿﺢ داوري در دادﮔﺎه ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺑﺮ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿـﺰان ﻃـﻼق ﻣـ ﺆﺛﺮ اﺳـﺖ . ﻫـﻢ ﭼﻨـﯿﻦ اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾـ ﺎ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿـﺰان ﻃـﻼق ﺑـ ﺎ ﻣﻘــﻮﻻت اﺻــﻠﯽ ﻣﺮﺑــﻮط ﺑــﻪ ﻣﻮﺿــﻮع داوري، در ﺣــﻮزه ﻓــﺮدي )ﺗﺨﺼــﺺ وﻣﻬــﺎرت داوران(، در ﺣــﻮزه اﺟﺘﻤــﺎﻋﯽ )ﻣﺤــﯿﻂ داوري( و در ﺣــﻮزه ﺣﻘــﻮﻗﯽ )ﺗﻘــﺪم وﺗــﺄﺧﺮ داوري( راﺑﻄــﻪ دارد؛ ﯾﻌﻨــﯽ ﻋــﺪم ﺗﺨﺼــﺺ و آﮔــﺎﻫﯽ و ﺑﺼــﯿﺮت داوران، ﻣﺤــﯿﻂ ﻣﺘﺸــﻨﺞ داوري در دادﮔــﺎه وﺗﻘــﺪم ﺛﺒــﺖ دادﺧﻮاﺳــﺖ ﻃﻼق ﺑـﺮ داوري، ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﺷـﺪه ﮐـﻪ ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﻠـﻮﺑﯽ از اﺟـﺮاي داوري ﻣﯿـﺎن زوﺟـﯿﻦ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر ﺣـﻞ و ﻓﺼــﻞ اﺧــﺘﻼف ﺣﺎﺻــﻞ ﻧﺸــﻮد، از اﯾــﻦ رو ﻃــﺮح دﻋــﻮي و اﺧــﺘﻼف زوﺟــﯿﻦ و ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ آن در ﻣﺮاﮐــﺰ ﻣﺸﺎوره، ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺰاﯾﯽ در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت و ﺗﺤﮑﯿﻢ ﺑﻨﯿﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده دارد.

One of the major issues in societies, including our country, is the issue of couples' divorce. Unfortunately, the divorce rate is increasing in other societies and in Iran. an‎d it has irreversible effects on families and consequently on society because the family is the most nuclear part of society. In other words, divorce is an issue that has always been given special attention in the laws of different countries due to its social aspect. The impact of the law on the divorce rate is more or less accepted in Iran and other countries of the world. The purpose of this study was to recognize the importance of expertise and skills of family court judges on the divorce rate. In this research, grounded theory (basic theory) has been used; Which is a kind of qualitative research method. In this study, data were collected through review of court documents, statistical review in the Statistics Center and interviews with clients, judges, lawyers and arbitrators. Proper enforcement of arbitration in family court is effective in reducing the divorce rate. Also, increasing or decreasing the divorce rate is related to the main categories related to the subject of arbitration, in the individual field (expertise and skills of arbitrators), in the social field (arbitration environment) and in the legal field (pre-trial and late arbitration); That is, the lack of expertise, knowledge and insight of the arbitrators, the tense environment of arbitration in court and the priority of filing a divorce petition over arbitration, have caused the desired results of arbitration between couples in order to resolve disputes. Today, arbitration in family lawsuits has become more formal.