نقش مشاركت شهروندان در حكمروايي خوب شهري(نمونه موردي: منطقه2 شهر شيراز)

The Role of Citizen Participation in Good Urban Governance (Case Study: District 2 of Shiraz city)

اﻟﮕﻮي ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ ﺧﻮب ﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺪﻧﯽ، ﺑﺨﺶ دوﻟﺘﯽ و ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻـﯽ ، ﺳـﻌﯽ در ﻧﯿﻞ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﺷﻬﺮ و ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان دارد. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان در ﻣـﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺷﻬﺮي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ 2 ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﯿﺮاز ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻟﮕﻮي ﺣﮑﻤﺮواﯾﯽ ﺧﻮب ﺷﻬﺮي و راﺑﻄﻪ اﯾـﻦ دو ﻣﺘﻐﯿـﺮ ﺑـ ﺎ ﻫـﻢ دﯾﮕـﺮ اﺳـﺖ . ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و از ﻧﻈﺮ روش از ﻧﻮع ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي ﮐﻤـ ﯽ اﺳـﺖ . اﯾـ ﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﺑﺰار ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﺑﺰار ﭘﺮﺳـﺶ ﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺑـﻮده اﺳـﺖ . ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﮔﺮي در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﺮد اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. رواﯾﯽ اﺑﺰار از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻧﺨﺒﮕﺎن ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﯿـﺰ ﺑـ ﺎ ﺿـﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺮوﻧﺒـﺎخ 0/80 ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ 2 ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﯿﺮاز اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺳﺮﺷﻤﺎري ﻧﻔﻮس و ﻣﺴﮑﻦ 1395، ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ 2 ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﯿﺮاز داراي ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ 178116 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻓﻮق در ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐـﻮﮐﺮان ، ﺗﻌـﺪاد 383 ﻧﻔـﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ آزﻣﻮن ﺗﯽ ﺗﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸـﺎرﮐﺖ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان در ﻣﺤﻼت ﺷﻬﺮي در ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮ از 0/05 ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﯿـﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ﻫـ ﺎ ﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ دو ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻧﮕﺮش ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺸـﺎرﮐﺖ ﺑـ ﺎ ﻣﯿـ ﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 3/22 و ﻫـﻢ ﭼﻨـﯿﻦ ﭘﺮداﺧـﺖ ﻋـﻮارض و ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 3/74 وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠـﻪ آزﻣـﻮن ﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣـ ﯽ دﻫـﺪ ﮐـ ﻪ ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ﻫـ ﺎي ﺣﮑﻤﺮواﯾﯽ ﺧﻮب ﺷﻬﺮي در ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮ از 0/05 ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ آﮔـﺎﻫﯽ ﺷـﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﺑـ ﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 0/000 و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 3/78 داراي وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﻫـﻢ ﺑﺴـﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ و ﺣﮑﻤﺮواﯾﯽ ﺧﻮب ﺷﻬﺮي راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮد دارد. ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗـﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ و اﺛﺮﮔﺬاري ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ در ﺣﮑﻤﺮواﯾـﯽ ﺧـﻮب ﺷـﻬﺮي ﻣﺮﺑـﻮط ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻤﺎﯾـﻞ ﺷـﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﺑـﻪ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 0/874 ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.

The model of good urban governance, taking into account the civil society, the public sector as well as the private sector, tries to achieve the sustainability of the city and the excellence of the citizens. The purpose of this study is to measure the level of citizen participation in urban management of Region 2 of Shiraz based on the model of good urban governance and the relationship between these two variables. The present research is a descriptive-analytical research and in terms of method is a quantitative research. This research is based on collecting field data. The field data collection tool was a questionnaire. The questionnaire was conducted at the individual level. The validity of the instrument was confirmed by elites and the reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's coefficient of 0.80. The study area is region 2 of Shiraz city. According to the 2016 population and housing census, District 2 of Shiraz had a population of 178,116 people. By substituting the above values in the Cochran's formula, 383 people have been estimated as the sample size. The result of one-sample t-test showed that the status of citizen participation indicators in urban areas was significant at a level of less than 0.05. The study of the difference between the average of the indicators shows that only two indicators of citizens' attitude to participation with an average of 3.22 and also the payment of taxes and urban expenses with an average of 3.74 have been in a favorable situation. The test results show that the indicators of good urban governance at the level of less than 0.05 were significant. In this regard, only the citizens' awareness index with a significant level equal to 0.000 and an average of 3.78 has had a favorable situation.