بررسي رابطه بين حمايت اجتماعي و احساس امنيت دانش آموزان

Investigating the relationship between social support and students' sense of security

اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺆﻟﻔـﻪ ﻫـ ﺎي ﻣﻬـﻢ در زﻧـﺪﮔﯽ اﻧﺴـﺎن اﺳـﺖ و ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺗـﺄ ﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ زﯾـﺎدي ﻗـﺮار دارد. ﺣﻤﺎﯾـﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﻣـ ﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ در اﺣﺴـﺎس اﻣﻨﯿـﺖ داﻧـﺶ آﻣـﻮزان اﺛﺮﮔـﺬار ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ. ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﻫـﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳـ ﯽ راﺑﻄـﻪ ﺑـﯿﻦ ﺣﻤﺎﯾـﺖ اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ و اﺣﺴـﺎس اﻣﻨﯿـﺖ داﻧـﺶ آﻣـﻮزان در ﻣـﺪارس دوره دوم ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻄﻪ ﺷـﻬﺮ ﺷـﻬﺮﮐﺮد اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪ . ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑـﻪ ﻟﺤـﺎظ ﻫـﺪف ، ﮐـ ﺎرﺑﺮدي و از ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺷـ ﯿﻮه ﺟﻤـﻊ آوري اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت ، ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸـ ﯽ )ﻣﯿـ ﺪاﻧﯽ( و ﺑــﻪ ﻟﺤـﺎظ روش و ﻃـﺮح ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﯿﻮه ﺗﻮﺻــﯿﻔﯽ از ﻧـﻮع ﻫـﻢ ﺑﺴــﺘﮕﯽ اﺳــﺖ. ﺗﻤــﺎﻣﯽ داﻧــﺶ آﻣــﻮزان دوره دوم ﻣﺘﻮﺳــﻄﻪ ﺷــﻬﺮ ﺷــﻬﺮﮐﺮد ﺟﺎﻣﻌــﻪ آﻣــﺎري ﭘــﮋوﻫﺶ اﺳــﺖ و ﺣﺠــﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ 369 ﻧﻔﺮي ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣـﻮل ﮐـ ﻮﮐﺮان و ﺑـﻪ روش ﺗﺼـﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳـﺎده ﺗﻌﯿـﯿﻦ ﺷـﺪ . ﺑـﺮاي ﺟﻤـﻊ آوري اﻃﻼﻋــﺎت ﻧﯿــﺰ از دو ﭘﺮﺳــﺶ ﻧﺎﻣــﻪ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﺳــﺶ ﻧﺎﻣــﻪ ﺣﻤﺎﯾــﺖ اﺟﺘﻤــﺎﻋﯽ ﺧــﺪاﭘﻨﺎﻫﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑــﺎران )1388( در 4 ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﺣﻤﺎﯾـﺖ ﻋـﺎﻃﻔﯽ، ﺟﺴـﺖ وﺟـﻮي ﺣﻤﺎﯾـﺖ، ﺣﻤﺎﯾـﺖ اﺑـﺰاري و ﺣﻤﺎﯾـﺖ اﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺗﯽ و ﭘﺮﺳـﺶ ﻧﺎﻣـﻪ اﺣﺴــﺎس اﻣﻨﯿــﺖ ﻧــﺎدري و ﻗﺎﺳــﻤﯽ ) 1393( در ﭼﻬــﺎر ﺑﻌــﺪ اﻣﻨﯿــﺖ ﺧــﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ، اﻣﻨﯿــﺖ ﻓــﺮدي، اﻣﻨﯿــﺖ اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ و اﻣﻨﯿـﺖ ﺗﺤﺼـﯿﻠﯽ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﺪ. اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت در دو ﺳـﻄﺢ آﻣـﺎر ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻔﯽ و آﻣـﺎر اﺳـﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ و ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧــﺮم اﻓــﺰار اس ﭘــﯽ اس اس ﻣــﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﻗــﺮار ﮔﺮﻓــﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘــﻪ ﻫــﺎ ﻧﺸــﺎن داد در ﻓﺮﺿــﯿﻪ ﮐﻠﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑـﯿﻦ ﺣﻤﺎﯾـﺖ اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ و اﺣﺴـﺎس اﻣﻨﯿـﺖ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻘـﺪار ﻫـﻢ ﺑﺴـﺘﮕﯽ 0/48 راﺑﻄـﻪ ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ وﺟـﻮد دارد. در ﻓﺮﺿــﯿﻪ ﻫــﺎي ﻓﺮﻋــﯽ راﺑﻄــﻪ ﺑــﯿﻦ ﺣﻤﺎﯾــﺖ اﺟﺘﻤــﺎﻋﯽ ﺑــﺎ اﺑﻌــﺎد اﺣﺴــﺎس اﻣﻨﯿــﺖ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ اﻣﻨﯿــﺖ ﺧــﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ ﺑــﺎ ﺿــﺮﯾﺐ ﻫــﻢ ﺑﺴــﺘﻪ 0/48، اﻣﻨﯿــﺖ اﺟﺘﻤــﺎﻋﯽ ﺑــﺎ ﺿــﺮﯾﺐ ﻫــﻢ ﺑﺴــﺘﻪ 0/42، اﻣﻨﯿــﺖ ﻓــﺮدي ﺑــﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ 0/46 و اﻣﻨﯿـﺖ ﺗﺤﺼـﯿﻠﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﺿـﺮ ﯾﺐ ﻫـﻢ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ 0/48 راﺑﻄـﻪ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘ ﯿﻢ و ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪه و ﻓﺮﺿـ ﯿﻪ ﻫــﺎ ﻣـﻮرد ﭘــﺬ ﯾﺮش ﻗــﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨـﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘــﻪ ﻫـ ﺎي رﮔﺮﺳــﯿﻮن ﻧﺸــﺎن داد ﺣﻤﺎﯾـﺖ اﺟﺘﻤــﺎﻋﯽ در 4 ﻣﺆﻟﻔــﻪ ﻣـﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻗــﺎدر ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺒﯿـﯿﻦ 26/1 درﺻــﺪ از ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮات اﺣﺴــﺎس اﻣﻨﯿـﺖ در داﻧـﺶ آﻣــﻮزان اﺳـﺖ. ﻧﺘــﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣـ ﯽ دﻫـﺪ ﺣﻤﺎﯾـﺖ اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ و ﺑـﻮﯾﮋه ﻣﺆﻟﻔـﻪ ﺣﻤﺎﯾـﺖ ﻋـﺎﻃﻔﯽ ﻣـ ﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ در ﺑـﺎﻻﺑﺮدن ﻣﯿـﺰان اﺣﺴﺎس اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support and students' sense of security in secondary schools in Shahrekord. The research was applied in terms of purpose, in terms of method of collecting survey information (field) and in terms of method and research design was descriptive-correlational. All second year high school students in Shahrekord were the statistical population of the study and the sample size of 369 people was determined using Cochran's formula and simple random method. To collect information, two questionnaires including the social support questionnaire of Khodapanahi et al. (2009) in 4 components of emotional support, support seeking, instrumental support and information support, and the rare feeling of security and Ghasemi questionnaire (2014) in four dimensions of family security, personal security, Social security and academic security were used. Data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using SPSS software. Findings showed that in the general hypothesis of the research, there is a positive relationship between social support and feeling of security with a correlation value of 0.48. In the sub-hypotheses, the relationship between social support and the dimensions of sense of security, including family security with a correlation coefficient of 0.48, social security with a correlation coefficient of 0.42, personal security with a correlation coefficient of 0.46 and academic security with a correlation coefficient of 0.48, a direct and positive relationship is observed. Were admitted. Regression findings showed that social support in 4 components is able to explain 26.1% of changes in students' sense of security. The results show that social support and especially the component of emotional support can be effective in increasing the sense of security.