بررسي ميزان فلاونوييد نارنجين، هسپريدين و برخي مواد ثانويه در برگ و ميوه پرتقال رقم تامسون (Citrus sinensis Var. thampson) تحت تاثير جهت جغرافيايي تاج درخت در استان گلستان

Determination Of Secondary Materials In Leaves an‎d Orange Fruit (Thompson) In Four Geographical Directions Crown Of The Tree In Golestan Province

پرتقال تامسون (Citrus sinensis Var. thampson) درختي است كه از برگ، گل، ميوه و ضايعات پوست ميوه­ي آن در صنايع مختلف بويژه آرايشي، بهداشتي و صنايع غذايي استفاده مي­گردد. به منظور بررسي ميزان برخي مواد ثانويه در برگ و ميوه پرتقال (رقم تامسون) آزمايشي به­صورت فاكتوريل در قالب طرح كاملاً تصادفي با سه تكرار انجام گرديد. نمونه برداري برگ و ميوه، از باغات پرتقال شهرستان بندرگز كه در فاصله 42 كيلومتري غرب گرگان واقع ميباشد، انجام پذيرفت. تيمارهاي تحقيق عبارت بود از چهار جهت جغرافيايي تاج درخت (شمال، جنوب، مشرق و مغرب) و اندام­هاي برگ و ميوه­ درخت. متغيرهاي مورد اندازه­گيري شامل، ميزان فنل­ كل، فلاونوييد كل، فعاليت آنتي­اكسيداني، قند محلول كل و فلاونوئيدهاي نارنجين و هسپريدين بودند كه بوسيله دستگاه­هاي اسپكتروفتومتر و HPLC مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفتند. نتايج اثرات متقابل نشان داد حداكثر ميزان قند محلول كل(19 درصد)، فعاليت آنتي­اكسيدانت كل(18 درصد) و فلاونوئيد كل(79/25 درصد) مربوط جهت جغرافيايي شرق در ميوه بود. بالاترين مقدار فلاونوييدهاي نارنجين(75/34 درصد) و هسپريدين(50 درصد) مربوط به جهت جنوب در ميوه مي­باشد. همچنين بيشترين ميزان فنل كل(23درصد) مربوط جهت جغرافيايي غرب و ميوه بوده است. با توجه به نتايج حاصل از اين آزمايش مشخص شد كه جهت جغرافيايي جنوب و مشرق بيشترين تاثير را بر صفات بيوشيميايي و اندام ميوه داشتند.

Orange (Citrus sinensis L.) is a tree of which leaves, flowers, fruit and fruit skin lesions have been used in different industries including cosmetics, health and food industries. Orange fruit rich in vitamin C and other active substances such as phenols and flavonoids, which is the very useful for human health.The aim of this study was to investigate the different secondary substances in leaves and fruits (Thompson) in four geographical directions of tree crown. Treatments, including four geographical crown directions (north, south, east and west) and two different organs: leaves and fruit.This study was carried out using the factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. Biochemical parameters contents of total phenol, total flavonoids, antioxidants, total soluble sugar, Naringin and hesperidin were assessed. The amount of phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activity and total soluble sugar was measured by spectrophotometer. The amount of Naringin and hesperidin was measured by HPLC. Based on the results, The highest rate of total soluble sugar was observed in the result of interaction of the eastern direction and fruit. The highest rate of Naringin an‎d Hesperidin was observed in the interaction of southern direction and fruit.The highest rate of phenol were observed in interaction of western direction and fruit. The highest rate of flavonoid was in interaction between eastern direction and fruit. The highest total antioxidant activity was in interaction between eastern direction and fruit. according to the results of this experiment, it has been specified that geographical directions of south and east have the maximum effect on the biochemistry characteristics and fruit organ, This may be due to the better and more light received in these parts of the tree canopy.