عنوان مقاله :
معماري به عنوان مجري موثر قانون: نظريه پردازي كوبان ژاپني
عنوان به زبان ديگر :
Architecture as affective law enforcement: Theorising the Japanese Koban
پديد آورندگان :
ﯾﺎﻧﮓ، آﻟﯿﺴﻮن داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﻠﺒﻮرن، اﺳﺘﺮاﻟﯿﺎ , رﮐﻨﯽ، ﻣﯿﻠﺎد مترجم فاقد وابستگي
كليدواژه :
ﻣﻌﻤﺎري و اﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ , ﮐﻮﺑﺎن , ژاﭘﻦ و ﭘﻠﯿﺲ , نظريه پردازي كوبان ژاپني , فضاي موثر , معماري به عنوان مجري موثر قانون
چكيده فارسي :
ﺟﺮم ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ )ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺟﺮم( ﻣﺪت ﻫﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﺎري را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ درك ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ، زﯾﺮا ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ دردﺳﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻓﺮد و راه ﺣﻞ آن را در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ﮐﯿﻔﺮي اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دﻫﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﻮﺑﺎن ژاﭘﻨﯽ، ﯾﺎ ﮐﺎﻧﮑﺲ ﭘﻠﯿﺲ، روش ﻫﺎﯾﯽ را ﮐﻪ در آن ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﺎري و ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﯾﮏ ﻓﺮم ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ارزش ﻫﺎ و اﻫﺪاف ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ﮐﯿﻔﺮي ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ، ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﮑﺮ ﺟﺮمﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﺧﯿﺮ در ﻣﻮرد ﻓﻀﺎ و ﺣﻮاس اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ، ﮐﻪ در آن ﻣﺎدﯾﺖ ﻓﻀﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ داراي ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﯽ ﻗﺪرﺗﻤﻨﺪي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و در آن ﻣﻌﻨﺎ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻋﻤﺎل دﻟﺎﻟﺖ )ﺣﺎﮐﯽ ﺑﻮدن( ﻣﮑﺎنﻫﺎ، روﯾﺪادﻫﺎ و ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯿﺎت ﭘﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ. در ژاﭘﻦ، ﮐﺎﻧﮑﺲ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻠﯿﺲ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﭽﻪ اي ﻃﻮﻟﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﻠﻮه ي ﻣﻌﻤﺎري از ﯾﮏ ﺷﯿﻮه ﭘﻠﯿﺴﯽ دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن ﺑﺨﺸﯽ و ﻧﻈﺎرت ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮔﺴﺘﺮده و ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ اي ﮐﻪ در ژاﭘﻦ در ﻃﻮل ﯾﮏ دوره 2 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ روش ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻮﺑﺎن در آن ﻫﺎ، ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﮑﺎن ﭘﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ، و ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﻧﻤﺎدﯾﻦ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ارزش ﻫﺎ و ﻧﯿﺎت ﭘﻠﯿﺲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ژاﭘﻦ و ﯾﮏ ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﻮﺛﺮ" ﺟﻬﺖ اﺟﺮاي ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
Criminology has long understood architecture to be both a problem, in that design might increase
the pains of an individual’s experience within the criminal justice system, and its solution. Study of
the Japanese koban, or police box, reveals the ways in which the architecture and design of a built
form communicate the values and objectives of criminal justice. The article draws upon recent
criminological thinking about space and about the senses, in which the materiality of public space
is understood to have a powerfully affective dimension, and in which meaning arises through the
signifying practices of places, events and experiences. In Japan, police boxes have a lengthy history
as an architectural manifestation of a mode of policing designed to surveill, reassure, and monitor.
Extensive and immersive research conducted in Japan during a 2-year period investigated the
ways in which koban both ‘take place’, as built forms within public spaces, and also ‘make sense’,
as signifying practice designed to communicate the values and intentions of Japanese community
policing and an ‘affective atmosphere’ of law enforcement.
عنوان نشريه :
دانش انتظامي خراسان رضوي
