مطالعه ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ در اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺪم ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﻧﺨﺒﮕﺎن داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ (ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ ﻣﻮردي: اﺳﺎﺗﯿﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﻻرﺳﺘﺎن )

Studying the obstacles of political development in Iran, emphasizing the lack of participation of academic elites Case study: Professors of Larestan universities

ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ در اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄ ﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺪم ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﻧﺨﺒﮕﺎن داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ )ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ ﻣﻮردي: اﺳﺎﺗﯿﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻻرﺳﺘﺎن( اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻫﺪف، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﺑﻨﯿﺎدي و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ دادهﻫﺎ، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪاي ﮐﯿﻔ ﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در آن از روش ﭘﺪﯾﺪارﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﺟﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺪفﻣﻨﺪ و ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ اﺷﺒﺎع ﻧﻈﺮي، آﮔﺎﻫﯽ دﻫﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﮐﻠﯿﺪ ي )20 ﻧﻔﺮ از اﺳﺘﺎدان( ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و اﺑﺰار اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه، ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﮥ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎ ي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه، ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻀﻤﻮن ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖآﻣﺪه از ﺗﺤﻠﯿ ﻞ ﻣﻀﻤﻮن در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ده ﻣﻀﻤﻮن ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ: ﻧﺎرﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ، ﮐﮋﺗﺎﺑﯽ ﻧﮕﺮش اﻓﺮاد ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، ﺿﻌﻒ اﻃﻼع رﺳﺎﻧﯽ رﺳﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ، وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﺷﺘﻐﺎل و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻧﺎﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ دوﻟﺖﻫﺎ، اﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﺤﺮوﻣﯿﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ، ﺿﻌﻒ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﮥ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨ ﯽ، ﺿﻌﻒ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ ﻣﺪﻧﯽ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، اﯾﻦ ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﻀﻤﻮن ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪ: ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ )ﻧﺎرﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ، ﮐﮋﺗﺎﺑﯽ ﻧﮕﺮش اﻓﺮاد ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و ﺿﻌﻒ اﻃﻼع رﺳﺎﻧ ﯽ رﺳﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ(، ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ي ) وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﺷﺘﻐﺎل و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎ ي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻧﺎﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ دوﻟﺖﻫﺎ(، ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﺤﺮوﻣﯿﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ، ﺿﻌﻒ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﮥ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺿﻌﻒ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺪﻧﯽ( و ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري )ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨ ﯽ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ(.

The aim of this study is to investigate the obstacles of political development in Iran with emphasis on the lack of participation of academic elites (Case study: professors of Larestan universities). This work is a fundamental and applied research in terms of purpose. Regarding the data, this qualitative study was conducted by using the phenomenological method, and information was collected through interviews. Using purposive sampling method and theoretical saturation technique, key informants (including 20 professors) were selected to identify obstacles of political development. The tool used was a semi-structured interview. The data collected from the interviews were analyzed by content analysis method. Based on the results of content analysis, ten basic themes were obtained: Cultural and educational failure, distortion of people's attitudes toward political development, inadequate media information, employment situation and inefficient economic policies of governments, feelings of relative deprivation, weak social capital, historical obstacles, weakness of civil society and political factors. Finally, four organizing themes were extracted including: Cultural obstacles (cultural and educational failure, distortion of individuals' attitudes toward political development and weakness of media information), Economic obstacles (employment situation and inefficient economic policies of governments) and Social obstacles (feelings of relative deprivation, weak social capital, and weak civil society) and structural obstacles (historical and political factors).