ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ د ﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻓﻘﻪ اﻣﺎﻣﯿﻪ و ﻣﺬاﻫﺐ ارﺑﻌﻪ در ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﺟﺴﺪ

A Comparison between the View of Imāmiah Fiqh and the Four Schools of Thought about Dissection of the Corpse

ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﺟﺴﺪ در ﻓﻘﻪ اﻣﺎﻣﯿــﻪ و ﺗﻄﺒﯿــﻖ آن ﺑــﺎ ﻣــﺬاﻫﺐ ارﺑﻌــﻪ اﺳــﺖ. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﻮده و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﻫﻞ ﺳﻨّﺖ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﯿﺎت، اﺻﻞ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﺟﺴــﺪ را ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘــﻪاﻧــﺪ. ﺷﺎﻓﻌﯿﺎن در ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﺟﺴﺪ، ﻧﺰدﯾﮏﺗﺮﯾﻦ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﺑــﺎ ﻓﻘــﻪ اﻣﺎﻣﯿــﻪ را دارﻧــﺪ. ﻣــﺬﻫﺐ ﻣــﺎﻟﮑﯽ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﻓﺴــﺎد ﺟﺴــﺪ ﺳﺨﺖ ﮔ ﯿﺮيﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آورده اﺳﺖ. ﺣﻨﺎﺑﻠﻪ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺟﺴﺪ از ﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ دﯾﮕﺮ را ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﻣﻤﻨــﻮع ﻣــﯽ-داﻧﻨﺪ. ﺣﻨﻔﯿﺎن ﻣﺪت ﻣﺤﺪودي را ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ذﮐﺮ ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ و ﭘﺲ از ﭘﺎﯾﺎن آن، ﻣﯽﺑﺎﯾﺴﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﺗــﺪﻓﯿﻦ ﻣﯿّــ ﺖ اﻗــﺪام ﮐﺮد. ﻟﺬا، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺟﺰ در ﻣﻮارد ﺟﺰﺋﯽ، دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﺬاﻫﺐ ارﺑﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻘﻪ اﻣﺎﻣﯿﻪ در ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﺟﺴﺪ ﯾﮑﺴﺎن اﺳﺖ.

The purpose of the present research is jurisprudential study of dissection of the corpse condition in Imāmiah Fiqh compared to the four schools of thought. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that the Sunnis have also admitted dissection of the corpse according to requirements. The Shāfe’is hold the closest view to Imāmiah Figh about dissection of the body. The Māleki school has adopted stricter views with respect to corpse corruption. The Hanbalis believe that transportation of the corpse from a city to another for dissection is forbidden. The Hanafis have allowed a limited time for dissection after which the dead body must be buried. Therefore, it is concluded that except in exceptional circumstances, Imāmiah Fiqh and the four schools of thought have common views about dissection of the corpse.