ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﯿﺪانﻫﺎي اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ ﺑﺮ روي رﺳﻮﺑﺎت و ﻓﻮﻟﯿﻨﮓﻫﺎي ﻣﻤﺒﺮانﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ در واﺣﺪ اﺳﻤﺰ ﻣﻌﮑﻮس ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ

Investigation of Electromagnetic Fields on Sediments and Fouling of Industrial Membranes in Bushehr Petrochemical Reverse Osmosis Unit

در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﯿﺪان اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ روي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻧﻤﮏ و آب و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ رﺳﻮب ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎت در ﺣﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﮏ زداﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﻤﺰ ﻣﻌﮑﻮس ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﯿﺪان اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن AC از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﻢ ﭘﯿﭻ ﺳﻮﻟﻨﻮﺋﯿﺪ اﻃﺮاف ﻣﺎژول ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﻏﺸﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺷﺪت و ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 25 آﻣﭙﺮ و 50 ﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﺑﻮد. آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﺎت ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺤﻠﻮل CaCO3 ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 5/5 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮل ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ، ﻧﻤﮏ زداﯾﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻏﺸﺎ در ﺣﻀﻮر و ﻓﻘﺪان ﻣﯿﺪان اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. اﮔﺮﭼﻪ دﻣﺎي ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﮏ زداﯾﯽ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ، دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﯿﺪان اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از 2 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﮔﺮاد اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻣﯿﺪان اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﺮد. در ﻃﻮل آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﺎت، دﻓﻊ ﻧﻤﮏ، ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻧﻔﻮذي )ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺷﺪه(، و اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻏﺸﺎﯾﯽ در ﺣﻀﻮر و در ﻏﯿﺎب ﻣﯿﺪان اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ، ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮپ اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯽ روﺑﺸﯽ )SEM( ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژي رﺳﻮﺑﺎت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ دﻓﻊ ﻧﻤﮏ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻧﻔﻮذي ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﯿﺪان اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ، آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ SEM ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ رﺳﻮﺑﺎت CaCO3 ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه در ﺣﻀﻮر ﻣﯿﺪان اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﭘﻮدري ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از رﺳﻮﺑﺎت ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﻮارد ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﯿﺪان اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ دارﻧﺪ.

In the present study, the effect of electromagnetic field on the salt and water transport and reduction of carbonate deposit during reverse osmosis desalination was investigated. The electromagnetic field was generated by AC current through a solenoid wound around the membrane separation module. The current intensity and frequency was 25 A and 50 Hz, respectively. Experiments were conducted using CaCO3 solution at the concentration of 5.5 mmol/L. For comparison purposes, desalination by the membrane, in the presence and absence of an electromagnetic field was conducted. While the desalination process temperature was kept constant, the product temperature increased by less than 2 °C when the electromagnetic field was applied. The system performed sustainably when it was exposed to the electromagnetic field. During the experiments, salt rejection, permeate flow rate and membrane pressure drop were compared in the presence and absence of an electromagnetic field. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology of the precipitates. It was found that the salt rejection and permeate flow rate increased when the electromagnetic field was applied. Furthermore, SEM analysis proved that CaCO3 precipitations formed in the presence of an electromagnetic field were in a powdery form with a lower density than the precipitation formed in case of not using electromagnetic field.