كليدواژه :
تغيير ژئوپليتيك منطقه , تهديدات اقتصادي‌تجاري , راه‌گذر عرب‌مديترانه , منافع جمهوري اسلامي ايران , هلال عبري‌عربي
چكيده فارسي :
راه‌گذر عرب‌مديترانه يكي از طرح‌هاي مهم در ميان راه‌گذرهاي عبوري از منطقۀ خليج‌فارس و كشورهاي عضو شوراي همكاري خليج‌فارس است. اين راه‌گذر از بندر بمبئي هند آغاز مي‌شود و با گذر از مسير دريايي عمان و بعضي كشورهاي شبه‌جزيرۀ عربستان سعودي به بندر حيفا در شرق درياي مديترانه مي‌رسد. سرانجام با گذر از مسير دريايي در اروپا پايان مي‌يابد. تكميل اين راه‌گذر كه مستلزم فراهم‌شدن زمينه‌هاي سياسي، امنيتي و اقتصادي ميان كشورهاي درگير در آن است، پيامدهايي را در پي خواهد باشد. اين پيامدها مي‌تواند منافع جمهوري اسلامي ايران در منطقه را تحت تأثير قرار دهد. از اين‌رو، در پژوهش حاضر در پي پاسخ به اين پرسش هستيم كه پيامدهاي طرح راه‌گذر عرب‌مديترانه چگونه منافع امنيتي و اقتصادي جمهوري اسلامي ايران در منطقه را تحت تأثير قرار مي‌دهد؟ با بهره‌گيري از روش توصيفي‌تبييني، اين فرضيه مطرح مي‌شود كه پيامدهاي تكميل طرح عرب‌مديترانه مي‌تواند در تغيير ژئوپليتيك منطقه، شكل‌گيري هلال اقتصادي‌سياسي توسط محور عبري‌عربي و تقويت روابط كشورهاي موجود در مسير اين راه‌گذر باشد. به‌تبع، اين پيامدها، تكميل راه‌گذر عرب‌مديترانه با تغيير ژئوپليتيك منطقه و كاهش اهميت راهبردي مرزهاي جنوبي ايران با محوريت تنگۀ هرمز همراه خواهد بود. اين موضوعات موجب شكل‌گيري تهديدهاي اقتصادي و امنيتي در مقابل جمهوري اسلامي ايران در منطقه خواهد شد.
چكيده لاتين :
The present age can be considered the age of corridors in the world. The present century is called the century of corridors because of the importance of the movement of goods and the means of communication that can overshadow the geoeconomics of different regions. For this reason, in geo-economics, the routes that can form the land and sea communication route between countries, regions, and even continents are of great importance. The Middle East region has always been considered an important region in this regard; because for a long time, the world has been the communication route from east to west and vice versa. The vastness and geopolitical position of the Middle East has always led to the passage of various important trade routes through this region. This feature can be seen in the periods of formation of ancient civilizations and the efforts of various civilizations in this region to dominate important highways. Among the most important roads that passed through this region, we can mention the Silk Road, which is as old as the life of the civilizations in this region. For this reason, the importance of this region can’t be considered solely dependent on the provision of world hydrocarbon resources by countries in the region; rather, the role of this region and its gateways in the transit routes of the world can be an important element in the importance of this region in the eyes of other world powers. In recent years, the transit importance of the Middle East region has increased due to changes in the political, security, and economic structure of the world and regional order. Especially since the world economic structure has undergone serious changes with the significant and growing growth of India and China as two Asian powers. India, along with China, is considered one of the most important economic powers in the world.
The Arab-Mediterranean Corridor is one of the most important projects between the crossings through the Persian Gulf region and the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council. The corridor starts at the port of Mumbai in India and crosses the Oman Sea via some parts of the Saudi Arabian Peninsula to the port of Haifa in the eastern Mediterranean, ending at Europe by sea. To this end, India, to be able to supply its various goods to different parts of the world, has directly designed and implemented transit projects around it. In particular, in the meantime, India has been economically engaged with a rival such as China and has drawn strategic and diverse polls so that its economic interests do not interfere with a great power like China. One of these important steps in the strategic documents of the Government of India is the passage called the Arab-Mediterranean Corridor with the Indo-European Corridor. The initial route starts from the west coast of India and originates from the port of Bombay and reaches the ports of the United Arab Emirates by sea, where it connects by land to Saudi Arabia and finally by rail from Saudi Arabia to Jordan and the regime. It connects to Zion and ends at the port of Haifa on the east coast of the Mediterranean. It is noteworthy that this route eventually reaches Greece and Rupa by sea. In the meantime, this trade route can be the most important and economical route from India to other parts of the world. from this route, India will be directly connected to Europe and its market.
It seems that the completion of this roadmap, which requires the provision of political, security, and economic grounds among the countries involved, could have consequences, and these consequences could overshadow the interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the region. To this end, the authors of the present study sought to answer the question of how the consequences of the Arab-Mediterranean Corridor project will affect the security and economic interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the region. Using the descriptive-explanatory method, the authors have reached the hypothesis that "the consequences of completing the Arab-Mediterranean project can be summarized in the geopolitical change of the region, strengthening the formation of an economic-political crescent by the Hebrew-Arab axis and strengthening relations between countries along this corridor. As a result, the completion of the Arab-Mediterranean corridor will change the geopolitics of the region and reduce the strategic importance of Iran's southern borders to the Strait of Hormuz, and these issues will create economic and security threats to the Islamic Republic of Iran in the region."
