كليدواژه :
مصر , مماليك برجي , زارعان , سران نظامي , عربان
چكيده فارسي :
كشاورزان يكي از طبقات دون‌پايه اجتماعي در دوره مماليك بودند. نوشته زير پس از گردآوري داده‌ها، با استفاده از روش كتابخانه‌اي و اسنادي و روش پژوهش براساس تبيين كاركردي، بدين نتيجه دست يافته است كه اعطايِ زمين‌هايِ مصر به سران نظامي و شيوخِ عرب، بر زندگي كشاورزان مصري در دوره مماليك برجي تأثير نامطلوبي گذاشت؛ زيرا نظاميان به دليل ناآگاهي از امور اقتصادي و نيز سلطه بر ساختار سياسي-اقتصادي، صرفاً به منافع خويش مي‌انديشيدند و با تصميمات منفعت‌طلبانه شرايط را بر كشاورزان بس دشوار كردند. افزون بر اين، شيوخ عرب كه با هدف كنترلِ رقابت‌هاي سياسي قبايلشان با دستگاه حاكمه، به زمين‌هاي بسيار و در نتيجه، استقلال نسبي دست يافتند، به حكومت لطمات جبران‌ناپذير وارد و بر كشاورزان نيز عرصه را دوچندان تنگ كردند. سرانجام اين دو عامل بيشترين تأثير را در نابودي عوامل توليد و نيز مهاجرت و شورش‌هاي كشاورزان بر جاي گذاشت.
چكيده لاتين :
Farmers were one of the lower social classes in the Mamlūks’ era. The following paper, after collecting data using desk study and documentary methods and research methods, based on the functional explanation concluded that granting Egyptian lands to Arab military leaders and Arab Shuyūkh had a negative effect on the lives of Egyptian farmers in the Burdjīd Mamlūks’ era. The results show that granting those lands adversely effected on the livelihood of Egyptian farmers. Since the military class was unaware of economic affairs and because of its dominance over the political-economic structure, its member were only occupied with their own interests, and therefore taken their decisions made situations for the farmers very difficult. Moreover, the Arab Shuyūkh, who gained a lot of land and, as a result, relative independence in order to control the political rivalries of their tribes with the ruling apparatus, inflicted irreparable damage on the government and exerted more pressure on the farmers too. Finally, these two factors gradually had the greatest impacts on the destruction of production, migration and revolts of farmers.
Farmers were one of the lower social classes in the Mamlūks’ era. The following paper, after collecting data using desk study and documentary methods and research methods, based on the functional explanation concluded that granting Egyptian lands to Arab military leaders and Arab Shuyūkh had a negative effect on the lives of Egyptian farmers in the Burdjīd Mamlūks’ era. The results show that granting those lands adversely effected on the livelihood of Egyptian farmers. Since the military class was unaware of economic affairs and because of its dominance over the political-economic structure, its member were only occupied with their own interests, and therefore taken their decisions made situations for the farmers very difficult. Moreover, the Arab Shuyūkh, who gained a lot of land and, as a result, relative independence in order to control the political rivalries of their tribes with the ruling apparatus, inflicted irreparable damage on the government and exerted more pressure on the farmers too. Finally, these two factors gradually had the greatest impacts on the destruction of production, migration and revolts of farmers.
