روﯾﮑﺮدي ﺑﺮﻓﯿﺰﯾﮏ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد از ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﺎ ﻋﻘﻼﻧﯿﺖ و ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي

An Approach to Econophysics from Information Theory to Rationality and Optimality

ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي ، ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي )ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﺳﻮد و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﯾﺴﮏ( را ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻋﻘﻼﻧﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ و ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮏ اﺻﻞ ﮐﻤﯿﻨﮥ ﻋﻤﻞ )ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﻨﺶ( و ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﮥ آﻧﺘﺮوﭘﯽ )ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت( را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻬﻤﯽ از ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. ﻋﻘﻼﻧﯿﺖ در ﺑﯿﻦ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ، ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺟﻬﺎن و ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪة اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺛﺎﺑﺖ و ﺑﺪون ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﻃﺒﻌﯿﺖ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎد وﺟﻮد دارد و ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي زﯾﺎدي ﮐﻪ از درﺟﮥ ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪﮔﯽ و ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﻮدن ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ، ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ورود ﻋﻠﻢ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﺑﺎز ﺷﺪه و اﯾﻦ دو ﻋﻠﻢ در ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. در واﻗﻊ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ و ﻋﻠﻢ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮏ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد را ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﯿﻦ رﺷﺘﻪ اي ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ و روش ﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ، ﺑﻪ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ و ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪة اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻼش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮏ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ، ﺿﺮورت ﻧﮕﺎه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻋﻠﻢ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮏ و روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ آن ﺑﯿﺎن ﮔﺮدد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮏ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺳﻌﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ آن ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدد.

The Optimality Concept is the essence of the economic and natural sciences. Economics introduces the optimality concept (maximum utility and minimum risk) as equivalent of rationality and physics explains action minimum principle, and maximum entropy (maximum information) as an important law of nature. Rationality is the universal invariant among human behavior, universe physical laws and complex economical systems. The Optimality Concept is the essence of the economic and natural sciences. Economics introduces the optimality concept (maximum utility and minimum risk) as equivalent of rationality and physics explains action minimum principle, and maximum entropy (maximum information) as an important law of nature. Rationality is the universal invariant among human behavior, universe physical laws and complex economical systems. Based on the similar patterns that exist in nature and economics and the many random variables that have a high degree of complexity, the entrance of physics to economics has been opened and these two sciences have interacted with each other. In fact, physics helps economics and shapes econophysics. In this interdisciplinary science, complex economic problems and issues are solved using physical concepts and methods. This paper tries to introduce the physics of economics, the need to look at economics from the perspective of physics and its methodology. Also, the main approaches of economics physics have been studied and an attempt has been made to explain its development path.