كليدواژه :
اصالت وجود , اعتباريت ماهيت , آگاهي , علم حضوري و مكان
چكيده فارسي :
درﺑﺎره‌ي ﻣﻜﺎن، اﻗﻮال ﻧﺎدري از ﻓﻼﺳﻔﻪ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه و ﻣﺸﻬﻮر از ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﻼﺳﻔﻪي ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎن دو ﻗﻮل اﺳﺖ، ﻳﻜﻲ ﻗﻮﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ از اﻓﻼﻃﻮن ﻧﻘﻞ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از ﺣﻜﻤﺎي اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا آن را ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺮده‌اﻧﺪ و دﻳﮕﺮي ﻗﻮل ﻣﻨﻘﻮل از ارﺳﻄﻮ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﻣﺸﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻗﻮل ﻣﻨﻘﻮل از اﻓﻼﻃﻮن، ﻣﻜﺎن اﻣﺮي ﻣﺠﺮد ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﻮل ارﺳﻄﻮ، از اﻋﺮاض ﺑﻪﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ. در اين تحقيق، ابتدا بحث اصالت وجود و ماهيت تبيين مي‌گردد؛ زيرا مكان در حيطه‌ي وجود است و آگاهي در حيطه‌ي ماهيت؛ بعد از آن، ماهيت مكان در تاريخ فلسفه‌ي اسلامي روشن مي‌گردد. در قسمت سوم تحقيق؛ معاني چهارگانه‌ي آگاهي مورد تحليل قرار مي‌گيرد، به طوري كه منظور از آگاهي در اين تحقيق، آگاهي از نوع اول مي‌باشد، يعني آگاهي ﭘﺪﻳﺪارى. در نهايت، گزاره‌ي: آگاهي، ماهيت مكان است، تبيين مي‌گردد؛ به طوري كه مي‌توان گفت: مفهوم آگاهي از مفهوم مكان انتزاع مي‌شود. آگاهي، معقول ثاني فلسفي است (مكان، معقول اولي فلسفي است). البته تصديق اين گزاره از نوع علم حضوري است نه علم حصولي.
چكيده لاتين :
Regarding the essence of space, there are only a handful doctrines from philosophers, and two of them are the most accepted ones among Muslim philosophers: one is from Plato originally, which held by a few Muslim philosophers, including Mulla Sadra; the other, which is referred to Aristotle that peripatetic school mostly believed in. based on Plato’s theory, at its face value meaning, seems to hold space to be incorporeal, abstract, while Aristotle think of it as an accident. In this paper, since space in the realm of existence and consciousness in the realm of essence, originality of existence has been discussed first. The essence of space in history of Islamic philosophy is explained in the following part. Four meaning of consciousness, i.e., phenomenological consciousness, is analyzed in the third part. Afterwards, the statement “consciousness is the essence of space” is illustrated, in a way one could say the concept of consciousness is derived from the concept of space. Consciousness is a philosophical second-order concept (space is philosophical first-order concept). However, affirming this statement is through knowledge by presence, not knowledge by acquisition.
