خوانش پديدارشناسانه معماري خانه‌هاي مسكوني دوره پهلوي‌دوم در جغرافياي طبيعي و انساني شهر تهران از ادبيات‌داستاني

Phenomenological Reading of the Architecture of Residential Houses of the Second Pahlavi Period in the Natural and Human Geography of Tehran from Fiction Literature

مصاديق معماري براي ايجاد و ارتقاي كيفيت، بايد از تمامي جنبه‌هاي ظاهري و معنايي مورد‌ مرور و بررسي دقيق قرار گيرند. خانه به‌عنوان يك سرپناه براي پاسخ‌‌گويي به نيازهاي انساني، از مصاديق مهم معماري مي‌باشد كه نياز به پژوهش‌هاي بسياري دارد، زيرا خانه‌هاي امروزي در مقايسه با گذشته فاقد بسياري از مفاهيم محتوايي و ظاهري مي‌باشند. از طرفي خانه به‌عنوان يك نياز اجتماعي مهم شكل‌گرفته مي‌تواند با ديگر هنرها نيز بررسي و مقايسه گردد. رويكرد كيفي پديدارشناســي از رويكردهاي مهم ادبيــات ‌نظــري معمــاري در رابطه با خانــه‌هــاي مسكوني ايرانــي است كه مطالعات كمتــري در اين زمينه صورت گرفته‌است. هــدف پژوهش بررسي معنا و كالبد خانه‌هاي شهري تهران در دوره پهلوي دوم با ديدگاه پديدارشناسانه از ديدگاه يك نويسنده ادبي است تا بتوان بــه ابعــاد كشــف‌نشــده‌اي از خانــه ايرانــي دســت‌يافــت. اين پژوهــش به روش تحليل محتوا و با كاربست شيوه هرمنوتيك، بــه بررســي معاني و كالبــد خانــه‌هــاي دوره پهلوي دوم بــا رويكرد پديدارشناسي از متون كتاب‌هاي مورد بررسي پرداخته‌است. نتايج نشــان مــي‌دهـنـد كــه مفاهيم معماري خانه‌هاي مسكوني در متون داستاني جمال ميرصادقي، واقع در جغرافياي طبيعي و انساني شهر تهران، به‌لحاظ معنايي و كالبدي داراي غناي حسي بالا و قابل‌تحليل از منظر پديدارشناسي مي‌باشند. مولفه‌هاي يافت‌شده نظير «تنوع ادراكي، تمايل در ورود به مكان، تداوم آشنايي در تعلق‌فضايي، تجربه‌فضايي، آرامش با ادراك حسگاني، حس‌اعتماد به فضا، تنوع رفتاري در رويدادها، ذهنيت آشنا به فضا، ارتباط فردي با محيط‌ پيرامون، تعدد فضاي احساسي، كيفيت در تنوع بافت» مي‌باشند كه نشان‌دهنده افزايش كيفيت هريك از اجزاي مكان در فضاهاي مسكوني آن دوره مي‌‌باشند.

For exploration, creation and promotion of quality, we need to study the architectural extensions from the point of view of all their superficial and semantic aspects. To promote quality, precise review of these superficial and semantic is necessary. House as a shelter for answering human needs is one of the significant extensions of architecture that requires many studies in order to provide the ground for promotion of its quality, because contemporary houses as compared to past lack many concepts both from the point of view of content and appearance. On the other hand, house has evolved as a significant social need and can be studied in comparison with other arts. Among other arts, fictional literature due to its being a truth-like translation of daily life in the domain of literature has a close relation with the structure of society. For in one sense, it is a reflection of social realities. Therefore, this question is raised that which concepts of houses of Pahlavi II can be understood and studied from the point of view of an author of fictional literature and through the texts and books? The current study is done based on the hypothesis that in rereading of fictional stories from the point of view of phenomenology, valuable concepts of house should be developed from the semantic and physical perspectives so that these concepts of house can be inferred from stories from the point of view of human emotions and lived individual experiences. Meanwhile, phenomenological approach is a significant qualitative approach in the field of theoretical literature of architecture on which few studies have conducted in relation to the residential Iranian houses. The goal of raising this issue is the discovery of the meaning and concept of life in urban houses of Tehran in Pahlavi II era in an analytic form and from a phenomenological point of view as well as their importance in the houses of those times in a contemplative way and from the perspective of a literary and fictional author so that we can reveal the undiscovered aspects of Iranian houses. This study struggles to first introduce the concepts of house from the perspective of phenomenologists,