تدوين معيارهاي طراحي بوم‌كلبه‌ها در مناطق شمالي ايران؛ (مورد پژوهش: استان گلستان)

Development of Design criteria of Ecolodges in the north of Iran (the case of Golestan province)

از آنﺟﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ، ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﺑﻮمﮐﻠﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان اﻗﺎﻣﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﺑﻮمﮔﺮدي، ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻮمﺳﺎزﮔﺎن و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﮔﺬارد، ازاﯾﻦرو ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪاي از ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﯽ در ﮔﺎم ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺑﻮمﮐﻠﺒﻪﻫﺎ در ﺷﻤﺎل اﯾﺮان )اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن( ﺑﺮﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ و ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺷﮑﻞ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد. ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺎ روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ و ﭼﮏﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪاي از ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و ﻻزم در ﮔﺎم ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺑﻮمﮐﻠﺒﻪﻫﺎ در ﺷﻤﺎل اﯾﺮان و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از اﻗﺎﻣﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﺑﻮمﮔﺮدي اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮدازش و واﮐﺎوي دادهﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار آﻣﺎري SPSSو آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي ﺗﯽﺗﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪاي، درﺻﺪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ ﺑﻪﮐﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺶ ﺷﺪه، ﭘﺎﻻﯾﺶ و 62 ﻣﻌﯿﺎر در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺘﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ- اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، و زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ13 ،7 ، 8 و 34 ﻋﻨﻮان دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺳﺎﺧﺖوﺳﺎز ﻣﺸﺨﺺ، ﻣﺤﺼﻮر و ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ، ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 4/67 ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﻣﺘﯿﺎز را دارد و در رﺗﺒﻪ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ اﺳﺖ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﺎز زﯾﺴﺘﯽ داراي ﮐﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 1 و رﺗﺒﻪ 57 اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ دو در زﯾﺮﮔﺮوه زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. روي ﻫﻢرﻓﺘﻪ، ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ دارد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ در ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ از دﯾﺪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ دارد. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ و ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺷﺪه اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﺷﮑﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ و ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺷﻤﺎل اﯾﺮان ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار، ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺪت ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Ecolodges have a wide range of positive and negative impacts on the environment and local community, during design, construction, and operation methods. The aim of this study was development of a set of criteria in the design phase of ecolodges and evaluation of some of them in the northern Iran (Golestan province). We used data collection and field survey including questionnaire and criteria checklist to do research such as average Friedman and T-test using SPSS software. After that, we screened and classified the collected criteria into four subgroups (environmental, economic, cultural, social and infrastructure). The results shows that as a whole, the design phase is not in good situation and only its socio-cultural subgroup seems be in appropriate condition. Ecolodges of the province can use the results and criteria to match with sustainability goals of ecotourism accommodations.