كليدواژه :
تكنيك UTA , دوچرخه سواري , شهر دوستدار دوچرخه , شهر يزد , مسيرهاي شهري
چكيده فارسي :
با توجه به ضرورت توسعه پايدار و اهميت روزافزون آن در مسائل شهري، امروزه در شهرهاي مختلف دنيا دوچرخه به‌عنوان يك وسيله نقليه اصلي و پايدار روزبه‌روز موردتوجه بيشتري قرار مي‌گيرد. بنابراين هدف از اجراي اين پژوهش ارزيابي مطلوبيت طراحي مسيرهاي شهري براي دوچرخه‌سواري و رابطة آن با شاخص‌هاي شهر دوستدار دوچرخه در سطح شهر يزد است. اين تحقيق ازنظر هدف كاربردي- توسعه‌اي و ازنظر ماهيت و روش، توصيفي از نوع پيمايشي است. جمع‌آوري اطلاعات در اين پژوهش به شيوه كتابخانه‌اي، اسنادي و پيمايشي بوده است. جامعة آماري پژوهش شهروندان شهر يزد است. براي برآورد حجم نمونه با توجه به حجم و اندازه جامعه و تجانس و همگوني افراد جامعه، از روش تخمين شخصي استفاده شده است كه 120 نفر به‌عنوان حجم نمونه در نظر گرفته شده‌اند. در اين پژوهش از روش‌هاي هدفمند (گلوله برفي و متواتر نظري) استفاده شده است. به‌منظور ارزيابي و رتبه‌بندي شاخص‌ها از تكنيكUTA و براي تحليل داده‌ها از آزمون‌هاي آماري در نرم‌افزار SPSS استفاده‌شده است. براساس نتايج به‌دست‌آمده از تكنيك UTA و وزن‌دهي شاخص‌هاي مربوط كه به روش سلسله مراتبي فولر انجام‌گرفته است، مشخص شد كه معيار امنيت با وزن 0.344 در رتبة اول و معيار پيوستگي با وزن 0.181 در رتبة آخر قرار دارند. در تحليل همبستگي پيرسون مشخص شد كه بين متغيرهاي درآمد، جنسيت، سن و تحصيلات با سطح رضايت دوچرخه‌سواران، رابطة معناداري وجود ندارد؛ اما بين رعايت استانداردها در مسيرهاي شهري با سطح رضايت اين افراد رابطه برقرار است. درنهايت مي‌توان نتيجه گرفت كه مطلوبيت طراحي مسيرهاي شهري براي دوچرخه‌سواري مي‌تواند منجر به ايجاد شهر دوستدار دوچرخه در سطح شهر يزد شود.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Today, the increasing growth of urbanization and urban population and consequently, heavier traffic and larger number of motor vehicles in urban and suburban areas have created many problems for the transportation system. On the other hand, the unresolved problem of traffic congestion in cities and the related air pollution have had seriously damaged health and life quality of many citizens and resulted in the death of many patients diagnosed with lung and heart diseases. Therefore, the present study seeks to investigate the desirability of urban routes' design for cycling and its relationship with the indices of a bike-friendly city in Yazd. The present study addresses these questions: how desirable is the design of urban routes for cycling in Yazd? Do present rules and standards increase the satisfaction of cyclists? What is the relationship between the desirability of urban cycling route designs and developing a bike-friendly city?
Materials & Methods
The present descriptive study is considered to be a survey in terms of nature and methodology and applied-developmental in terms of purpose. Data collection was performed using library, documentary and survey methods. Citizens of Yazd were selected as the statistical population. Personal estimation method was used to ensure a homogeneous and standard sample is selected with an appropriate size. The sample included 20 experts and urban designers and 100 cyclists who have cycled on urban routes in Yazd. Purposeful methods of sampling such as snowball and theoretical sequence have been used in the present study.
Results & Discussion
Results obtained from the UTA technique and the Fuller hierarchical method used to weigh relevant indicators show that the security criterion has ranked first (with a weight of 0/344) while the continuity criterion has ranked last (with a weight of 0/181). Pearson correlation analysis did not find any significant relationship between income, gender, age and education with cyclists' satisfaction level, but a significant relationship was found between the observance of standards in urban routes and the level of satisfaction. Considering the linear regression diagram and r2 = 0/52, a desirable design for urban cycling routes can provide up to 52 percent of the conditions required for turning Yazd into a bike-friendly city.
In general, findings of the present study are closely related with Bicalho et al. (2019), Yang et al. (2019) and Nazarpour and Saedi (2020) concluding that developing cycling infrastructure in accordance with appropriate rules and standards, holding workshops to create a positive attitude and a greater understanding in urban planners toward cycling, improving street connections and the desirability of the cycling routes' designs for cyclists will enhance the creation of a bike-friendly city. The present study indicates that compliance with national standards and regulations in urban routes is mandatory for cyclists. Findings are also closely related with Podgórniak-Krzykacza and Trippner-Hrabi (2021), Babiano et al. (2017), Shabanpour and Zareh (2019), Manafi Azar et al. (2018) and Soleimani et al. (2017) which indicate that cycling increases access to transportation network, prevents congestion and inefficiency of public transportation, reduces traffic jams, increases safety and security, prevents environmental pollution and results in sustainable urban transportation. Thus, the present study has concluded that a desirable design for urban cycling routes can turn Yazd into a bike-friendly city.
