پديد آورندگان :
سينايي، حسن دانشگاه خوارزمي، ايران , سليقه، محمد دانشگاه خوارزمي، ايران , اكبري، مهري دانشگاه خوارزمي، ايران
كليدواژه :
رودباد , جريانات رطوبتي , بارش حدي فراگير , جنوب غرب ايران
چكيده فارسي :
پژوهش حاضر با هدف تبيين تأثير رودباد بر بارش‌هاي حدي و فراگير جنوب‌غرب ايران انجام شده است. به اين منظور، از پايگاه‌هاي داده‌اي هواشناسي شامل بارش ايستگاه‌هاي هواشناسي مراكز استان‌ها استفاده شد. ابتدا بارش روزانه 30 ساله (2018-1989) براي 22 ايستگاه سينوپتيكي جنوب‌غرب ايران واقع در استان‌هاي ايلام، خوزستان، فارس، كهگيلويه و بوير احمد، چهارمحال و بختياري و بوشهر از سازمان هواشناسي كشور اخذ شد. سپس ارتباط بارش‌ها با رودبادهاي وردسپهري، فراسنج‌هاي ارتفاع ژئوپتانسيل درسطح 850 و 500 هكتوپاسكال، مؤلفه مداري و نصف‌النهاري باد تراز 300 هكتوپاسكال، نم ويژه تراز1000هكتوپاسكال و مؤلفه امگا در دو سطح 850 و 500 هكتوپاسكال از پايگاه مركز ملي پيش‌بيني محيطي و مركز ملي پژوهش‌هاي جوّي(ncep/ncar) ايالات‌متحده دريافت و نقشه فراسنج‌هاي مذكور ترسيم شد. نتايج اين پژوهش نشان داد در سه روز بارشي، در هر سه رودباد مورد مطالعه، محور رودباد به‌صورت نصف‌النهاري در راستاي جنوب‌غربي- شمال‌شرقي منطقه مورد مطالعه را تحت تأثير قرارداده است. همچنين در تراز 850 و 500 هكتوپاسكالي چرخندي بر روي موقعيت تقريبي شرق مديترانه واقع شده و ضلع شرقي اين چرخندها بر روي جنوب‌غرب ايران قرار گرفته است. قرارگيري محور رودباد در جهت نصف‌النهاري و در راستاي جنوب‌غربي- شمال‌شرقي، و واقع شدن منطقه مورد مطالعه در ضلع شرقي چرخند تشكيل شده در شرق درياي مديترانه، سبب تشديد ناپايداري در ترازهاي زيرين در منطقه مورد مطالعه شده است. مقادير امگاي منفي در تراز 850 و 500 هكتوپاسكالي از 0.15-تا 0.8- پاسكال بر ثانيه، نشانگر ناپايداري شديد هوا در منطقه مورد مطالعه بوده است. در نتيجه مي‌توان گفت عامل اصلي ناپايداري بارش‌هاي حدي فراگير جنوب‌غرب كشور، رودباد و سامانه‌هاي برون حاره‌اي و عامل اصلي تأمين رطوبت بارش‌هاي اين پهنه از كشور درياهاي گرم جنوبي (درياي سرخ، درياي عمان، درياي عربي، و خليج فارس) مي‌باشد.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Precipitation is considered to be one of the most important elements of climate. It affects the distribution of other climate elements and thus, has played a prominent and significant role in recent studies especially those focusing on global climate change. Due to its geographical location, Iran climate is affected by various climate elements. As one of the most important components of general atmospheric circulation, jet streams affect the quality of precipitation (amount, intensity, temporal and spatial distribution, etc.). Jet streams are relatively narrow bands of strong wind traveling across very long distances at high altitudes of the troposphere (tropopause) forming a hypothetical wind tunnel.
Materials & Methods
The study area surrounds southwestern Iran including provinces of Khuzestan, Ilam, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Kohkiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, Bushehr and Fars. The present study applies statistical methods and synoptic climatology. Based on the library research, representative days were selected in accordance with the following conditions: 1. Precipitation must have occurred in cold season, since cold season events generally show various patterns due to multiple weather systems affecting precipitation in Iran. 2. A significant percentage of the total annual precipitation must have occurred on the specified day (for example, a precipitation in the 90th percentile in each station). 3. Precipitation must be pervasive (i.e. recorded in more than 70% of the stations in the study area). Three representative days, December 17th 2006, November 25th 2014, and January 17th 1996 were thus selected with the highest precipitation volume over a 30-year statistical period (1989-2018). Two climate databases (precipitation data collected from meteorological stations in the capital city of the previously mentioned provinces and NCEP/NCAR climate data separated based on a 2.5 degree pattern) were used for synoptic analysis of these precipitation events. First, daily precipitation recorded by synoptic stations of southwestern Iran on each of these days was obtained. Then, climatic parameters such as geopotential altitudes of 500 and 850 hPa, jet streams occurring at an altitude of 300 hPa, specific humidity at the 1000 hPa level and values of omega component (measuring upward and downward movement of air flow) at the 500 and 850 hPa levels have been used to explore the relationship between these precipitations and jet streams in troposphere. Finally, GrADS was used to map the previously mentioned parameters. The relationship between precipitation occurrences across different stations of southwestern Iran and troposphere jet streams was exhibited based on an analysis of jet stream maps, moisture flows and other climatic parameters at various atmospheric levels.
Results & Discussion
The relationship found between previously mentioned precipitation events and tropospheric jet streams shows that in each of these events, the jet stream is a westerly wind meandering toward southwest or northeast in the study area and extending throughout North Africa and the Middle East. Central core of the jet stream was traveling above the study area with a speed of 35 to 60 meters per second. The present study indicates that in these three days of heavy precipitation, the jet stream axis has affected the study area in a southwest-northeast direction. Moreover, a cyclone is located at the 850 and 500 hPa levels approximately over eastern Mediterranean whose eastern side extends across southwestern Iran. Southwest-northeast direction of jet stream axis and eastern side of the Mediterranean Sea cyclone being extended toward the study area intensified instability in the lower atmospheric levels of the study area. Negative omega values at the 850 and 500 hPa levels (from -0.15 to -0.8 Pascal-second) indicates severe atmospheric instability in the study area.
Conclusion
Every year, southwestern regions of Iran face intensive, and pervasive rainfalls resulting in severe floods and damaging agricultural products, gardens, roads, facilities, industries, etc. The present study indicates that Mediterranean cyclones, westerly winds across the lower atmospheric levels, and the subtropical jet stream meandering in the southwest-northeast (in the meridian direction) direction across the upper atmospheric levels affects the study area. Precipitation in this region is mainly supplied by the moisture coming from warm southern seas (Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Sea of Oman, Persian Gulf, etc).
