چالش كرونا بين نص‌ گرايي و عقل‌ گرايي در اسلام

The Corona Challenge: Textualism Versus Rationalism in Islam

در پي انتشار ويروس كوويد 19، همگام با متخصصان حوزۀ سلامت، متخصصانِ علوم ديگر نيز براي برون‌رفت از چالش‌هاي به‌وجودآمده در حوزه‌هاي مربوط به خود فعاليت‌هاي چشم‌گيري انجام داده‌اند. اين همه در عصري رخ داده كه دنياي غرب آن را عصر روشنگري نام نهاده است كه بيشتر بر دليل‌گرايي و عقل‌گرايي حداكثري يا عقل‌گرايي انتقادي به‌منظور بي‌اعتبار جلوه‌دادن آموزه‌هاي و حياني پاي مي‌فشارد. در اين بين اسلام ناب نوعي عقل‌گرايي اعتدالي را به منصۀ ظهور گذاشته كه با حكم قطعي عقل همراه است.

Following the spread of the Covid-19 virus, the experts in other fields, along with the health experts, have been working hard to cope with the created challenge. These all have happened in an age that has been referred to as the age of enlightening by the Western world, which emphasizes maximum rationalism and reasoning or critical rationalism to make the teachings of revelation look invalid. In this respect, Islam has suggested a kind of moderate rationalism that is accompanied by the absolute rule of wisdom. Human beings have always encountered questions. These questions have appeared in new and more challenging forms today. Some of these questions include whether the human wisdom data are matched with the revelation teachings, and whether practicing wisdom and religiosity are adaptable or one of them has to be sacrificed for the sake of the other. In the past, the West used to sacrifice wisdom and science for the teachings of Christianity and in the new age, they prefer maximum rationality and invalidating the religious teachings (1). In response to the challenges created by the corona virus and new achievements in medicine, Islam has not limited itself to the constraints of the human teachings resolving the problems and shortcomings associated with rationalism and religiosity in a different way avoiding the trap of extremism. After the corona pandemic, Islam has faced two major types of challenges; one concerns those who consider the new scientific achievements as in conflict with the religious teachings in the discussions related to science and religion and cannot bear the compliance of religion with health with respect to setting new corona-related rules and manners and the feeling of confrontation between religion and health has been created in them. Another group includes those who fight against the superficial and basic meaning of the terms used in religious texts and have a textualist approach toward religion. The common point between these two groups is ignorance of rationalism and wisdom. In this writing, these two challenges are examined in the Islamic world in two phases and the view of the pure Islam is mentioned in this respect.