بررسي وضعيت امنيت غذايي در كودكان 6 تا 59 ماهه و ارتباط آن با برخي عوامل اقتصادي- اجتماعي خانوار در محله مهدي‌آباد شهر شيراز در سال 1397

Survey of Nutritional Status and Food Security in Children Aged 6 to 59 Months and Its Relationship with Some Socioeconomic Factors of Households in Mehdiabad Neighborhood of Shiraz, Iran, in 2018

مقدمه: ناامني غذايي طي دو دهه گذشته به عنوان مشكل عمده سلامت عمومي، توجه مردم، متخصصان و سياست‌گذاران را به خود جلب كرده است. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، بررسي وضعيت امنيت غذايي در كودكان 6 تا 59 ماهه و ارتباط آن با برخي عوامل اقتصادي- اجتماعي خانوار در محله مهدي‌آباد شهر شيراز در سال 1397 بود. روش‌ها: اين مطالعه توصيفي- تحليلي به صورت مقطعي بر روي 353 خانوار ساكن محله مهدي‌آباد شيراز انجام گرفت. داده‌هاي جمعيتي، اجتماعي و اقتصادي خانوارها از طريق پرسش‌نامه اطلاعات عمومي جمع‌آوري و وضعيت امنيت غذايي با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه 18 گويه‌اي امنيت غذايي خانوار United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) سنجيده شد. از آزمون One-way ANOVA به منظور تجزيه و تحليل داده‌ها استفاده گرديد. يافته‌ها: شيوع ناامني غذايي در خانوارهاي مورد بررسي، 5/74 درصد بود؛ به طوري كه ناامني غذايي بدون گرسنگي و با گرسنگي به ترتيب 8/25 و 7/48 درصد گزارش شد. ناامني غذايي ارتباط معني‌داري با لاغري، اضافه وزن، كم‌وزني و چاقي داشت (001/0 > P). ناامني غذايي با كوتاه ‌قدي رابطه معني‌داري را نشان داد (040/0 = P). بر اساس يافته‌ها، ارتباط معني‌داري بين ناامني غذايي و سطح تحصيلات، طبقه شغلي سرپرست و وضعيت تملك مسكن مشاهده گرديد (001/0 > P). نتيجه‌گيري: جمعيت مورد بررسي دچار ناامني غذايي بود و ارتباط مثبت معني‌داري را با برخي عوامل مانند شغل سرپرست و مالكيت خانه نشان داد. تعداد كودكان لاغر، داراي اضافه وزن و چاق در گروه ناامني غذايي بيشتر بود. بنابراين، با در نظر گرفتن تسهيلاتي براي خانوارهاي ساكن اين منطقه، مي‌توان شيوع ناامني غذايي را تقليل داد.

Background: Food insecurity has attracted the attention of people, experts, and policymakers as a major public health problem over the past two decades. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of food insecurity among children aged 6 to 59 months and its relationship with some socioeconomic factors of households living in Mehdiabad neighborhood of Shiraz, Iran, in 2018. Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 353 households living in Mehdiabad neighborhood of Shiraz. Demographic, social, and economic data of households were collected through a general information questionnaire and food security status was assessed by the 18-item United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Household Food Security Questionnaire. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data. Findings: The prevalence of food insecurity in the studied households was 74.5%, so that food insecurity without hunger and with hunger was reported 25.8% and 48.7%, respectively. Food insecurity was significantly associated with thinness, overweight, underweight, and obesity (P < 0.001) and showed a significant relationship with short stature (P = 0.040). Based on the results, a significant relationship was observed between food insecurity and head of household’s level of education, occupational class, and housing status (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The study population had food insecurity and showed a significant positive relationship with some factors such as head of household’s job and house ownership. The number of thin, overweight, and obese children was higher in the food insecure group. Therefore, the prevalence of food insecurity can be reduced by considering facilities for households living in this area.