كليدواژه :
سپهر نشانه اي , فرهنگ , حافظه ي جمعي , هنجار , مسكن بومي بلوچ
چكيده فارسي :
دوري از مركز سياسي كشور و شرايط جغرافيايي بلوچستان سبب گرديده مسكن بومي بلوچها حتي پس از يكجانشيني الگويي ثابت را كه در پيوند با فرهنگ اين قوم بوده، تا سال‌هاي بسياري حفظ كرده و با تغيير و تحولاتي اندك به حيات متوازن خود ادامه دهد. خانه‌ي بلوچ همواره در حكم بازنمودي از فرهنگ قوم بلوچ، از يك‌سو در مناسباتي نزديك و درهم با ويژگي‌هاي مبتني بر بافت قبيله‌اي اين مردمان بوده و از سوي ديگر، قائم به قواعد سيستمي درون‌ماندگار معماري مسكن بومي پديد آمده است. اما در سال‌هاي اخير شرايط مخدوش حاكم بر پيكره‌ي معماري و شهرسازي كشور توازن آن را بر هم زده و ناهمسازي‌هايي را ايجاد نموده است. بديهي است ادامه‌ي اين روند، هويت معماري بومي منطقه‌ي بلوچستان را بيش از پيش دچار خدشه مي‌نمايد. هدف پژوهش حاضر يافتن نشانه‌هايي است كه مسكن بومي بلوچها را در پيوندهايش با آنچه در مركز و پيرامون فرهنگ بلوچ رخ مي‌دهد، پديد آورده و به همين منظور از سپهرنشانه‌اي به عنوان ابزار تحليل سازوكار عملكرد نشانه‌اي فرهنگ استفاده مي‌نمايد. سپهرنشانه‌اي در اين پژوهش كاركردي دوگانه دارد، هم به عنوان يك ابرمفهوم و روشي كل‌گرا در تحليل مسكن بومي بلوچها به كار مي‌رود و هم مسكن بومي بلوچ را به عنوان فضايي كه در آن همه‌ي اشكال ارتباطي رخ مي‌دهد، در مقام يك سپهرنشانه‌اي در نظر گرفته و مورد واكاوي قرار مي‌دهد. نتيجه آنكه ساختار فضايي خانه‌ي بومي بلوچها در پيوند بسيار محكم با فرهنگ و ساختار اجتماعي قومي/قبيله‌اي آن‌ها است كه بدون دخالت معماران بر پايه‌ي نظام خويشاوندي، نظام طبقاتي و سنت‌هاي كوچ‌نشيني اين قوم بنا نهاده شده و بازگوكننده‌ي زيست مردماني است كه در يك سپهر نشانه‌اي زيسته و بهترين پاسخ‌ها را براي مسائل خويش يافته‌اند. با يافتن نشانه‌هاي فرهنگي مسكن بومي بلوچ و معاصرسازي آن‌ها در ساخت‌وسازهاي جديد مي‌توان هم حيات را در اين نوع مسكن جاري ساخت و هم هويت آن را كه برساخته‌ي حافظه‌ي جمعي اين قوم است، حفظ نمود.
چكيده لاتين :
The detachment from the country's political center and the geographical conditions of Baluchistan have caused the indigenous housing of the Balochs to maintain a stable pattern that was related to the culture of this people for many years, and continue its balanced life with small changes. Though the effect of the livelihood and economic system and variables such as the dry and harsh nature of Baluchistan cannot be ignored on the mood and habits and behavior of Balochs as well as the way their houses are built, what has shaped the spatial structure of the region's indigenous houses more deeply is the very strong connection between the culture and the texture of the Baloch tribes. On the one hand in close and intertwined relations with the characteristics based on the tribal texture of these people and on the other hand, according to systemic rules within the permanent architecture of indigenous housing, The Baloch house has been always emerged as a representation of the culture of the Baloch people. Nonetheless in recent years, the distorted conditions dominant in the architecture and urban planning of the country have upset its balance and created some discrepancies. Perceptibly, the continuance of this process will further damage the identity of the native architecture of the Baluchistan region. The current study aims to find the signs that the indigenous housing of the Balochs in its connections with what is happening in and around the Baloch culture, and for this purpose uses semiosphere as a tool to analyze the mechanism of the symbolic function of culture. For this purpose, culture is considered as a system that can be inspected from two aspects: first, the external expressions of culture that have become objective as signs of that culture in the native Baloch housing; Second, cultural commonalities as content elements or inner layers of Baloch culture that live in a semiosphere and have become the norm through repetition and acceptance, directing their different levels of life and passed down from generation to generation, and has shaped their collective memory. Semiosphere in this study has a dual function, both as a super-concept and a holistic method in the analysis of the native housing of the Baloch and considers the native Baloch housing as a space in which all forms of communication occur, and analyzes it in the semiosphere context. The result is that the spatial structure of the native house of the Balochs is very strongly connected with their ethnic / tribal culture and social structure, which is based on the kinship system, class system and nomadic traditions of this people without the intervention of architects. Biology is people who have lived in a semiosphere and found the best answers to their problems. By finding the cultural signs of the native Baloch housing and their modernization in new constructions, it is possible to make life in this type of housing and preserve its identity, which is built on the collective memory of this people.
