سنجش مطلوبيت توسعه اقتصاد كشاورزي در فضاهاي روستايي پيراشهري مورد: استان گلستان

Evaluation of the desirability of urban peripheral spaces for the development of agricultural economic activities(Case: Golestan Province)

كشاورزي هسته اصلي پايه اقتصاد فضا را تشكيل مي­دهد به گونه­اي كه كشاورزي به عنوان بزرگ­ترين جذب كننده نيروي كار در نواحي بوده و بيشترين درآمد و توسعه را ايجاد مي­كند.از آنجا كه توسعه مفهومي چند بعدي است كه در خود، تجديد سازمان نظام اجتماعي-اقتصادي را به همراه دارد، بررسي سطوح و ابعاد مختلف توسعه و آگاهي از ميزان برخورداري مناطق مختلف مي­تواند گامي موثر و اساسي در اين تجديد سازمان و برنامه­ريزي باشد. در اين راستا هدف از پژوهش حاضر، سنجش و ارزيابي مطلوبيت فضاهاي پيراشهري از منظر شاخص­هاي توسعه كشاورزي جهت توسعه سكونتگاه­هاي روستايي در استان گلستان مي­باشد. بدين منظور شاخص­هاي منتخب پژوهش در قالب 20 شاخص قابل سنجش در بين 14 پهنه فضايي اقتصاد(شهرستان) با بهره­گيري از مدل تصميم­گيري تركيبي WASPAS مورد تحليل قرار گرفته است. در نهايت با تعيين ميزان توسعه شاخص­ها، مطلوبيت مناطق چهارده گانه بر اساس برخورداري از شاخص­هاي مطلوبيت فضاهاي پيراشهري مبتني بر توسعه پايدار كشاورزي، پراكندگي و نابرابري در شاخص­هاي توسعه اقتصاد سبز منطقه­اي سنجيده شده است. براي وزن­دهي شاخص­ها از روش آنتروپي شانون استفاده گرديد. جهت تحليل داده­ها از نرم­افزار EXCEL و SPSS استفاده شده است. يافته­هاي پژوهش حاكي از آن است كه بر اساس تحليل داده­ها سكونت­گاه­هاي پيراشهري(روستايي) استان داراي وضعيت پراكنش نابرابري مي­باشند. اولويت­بندي فضاهاي پيراشهري استان با مدل واسپاس حكايت از شكاف در امر برخورداري از شاخص­هاي توسعه كشاورزي دارد كه صورت واضح آن را مي­توان بين پهنه فضايي شهرستان گنبد با مجموع برخورداري (464/0)مطلوب­ترين فضاي پيراشهري نسبت به ميزان مطلوبيت فضاي پيراشهري شهرستان آق­قلا با ميزان برخورداري (264/0) كه فاصله تقريباً دو برابري را نشان مي­دهد ملاحظه كرد. با توجه به نتايج بدست آمده، مسئولين و برنامه­ريزان بايد راهبردها، اهداف و سياست­گذاري­ها را در راستاي بهبود مطلوبيت فضاهاي پيراشهري علي­الخصوص شاخص­هاي كشاورزي پايدار در سكونتگاه­هاي روستايي جهت­دار نمايد.

Introduction Cities have profound effects on the surrounding rural areas, which are manifested in various environmental, social, economic and physical dimensions. Knowing the type of texture is necessary to measure the quantity of filled and empty areas, explore the quality of mass and space contiguity and identify the shape-spatial system for the regularity of filled and empty spaces. Agriculture can be the core of the space economy because it is the biggest attractor of labor in some regions and can create the most income and development. Since development is a multi-dimensional concept, which requires reorganization of the socio-economic system with it, examining the different levels and dimensions of development and knowing the differences in resources of different regions can be effective for planning. In this regard, the purpose of the present research is to measure and evaluate the desirability of peri-urban spaces for the agricultural development of rural settlements in Golestan Province. Golestan Province, the study area of ​​this research, is a northern province that is distinguished in agriculture due to its geographical location. The importance of the agricultural sector for this province is because of the role of this sector in increasing the country's food security and prosperity. This calls for proper and accurate planning and agricultural development. Methodology This research is a descriptive-analytical and applied study. The secondary data were collected from the agricultural statistics of the province in 2015. The statistical population of the study consists of 14 cities in Golestan Province based on the latest political-administrative divisions. For data analysis, we used WASPAS multi-criteria combined technique in Excel spreadsheet software, and Shannon's entropy was used to determine the weight of each index. ArcGIS was used to draw the maps. Discussion and conclusion The findings of this research echo the results of Kaderzadeh et al.'s studies (2016), entitled agricultural development of the cities of Kurdistan Province and confirm the difference between the cities of a province in indexes. an‎d the indicators of development agricultural development. It also shows that most of the cities of the province are in an unfavorable situation in terms of sustainable agricultural development indicators. Also, the findings of Taqvi and Bahari (2013) regarding the distribution of the components of the development of the cities of Mazandaran Province, Sakhawat (2013) regarding the measurement of the development of the provinces of Iran, Fadeli (2014) about the inequality of development in the western provinces confirm the difference between the cities of the province in terms of development indicators. Considering the general results of this research and the placement of rural settlements in Gonbad and Gorgan Counties at the highest level of development, it can be seen that the most important factors affecting the development are the strong and concentrated urban economy and the labor force. an‎d trained, high-quality soils with agricultural capabilities, the use of modern and efficient agricultural tools and equipment, abundant manpower, large area, especially Gonbad Kavus County, etc. The robust economic role of the cities of these two counties (Inche Broon for Gonbad Kavus County and Sohrkhankalate and Jalin for Gorgan County) is evident because they have attracted most of the services and infrastructures, and this has led to the lack of these services in rural areas. Given that in addition to increasing urbanization of the country in the future, it is inevitable to pay attention to rural settlements for balanced development and fair distribution of services based on the current situation of settlements. Fair planning and distribution of services is a must, which requires optimal investment in rural settlements for the realization of homogeneity, social justice and better living condition in different settlements.