تحليل سياست كيفري ناظر بر حدود در قانون مجازات اسلامي 1392(رويكردها، نوآوري ها، نارسايي ها)

Analysis of penal policy overseeing the Hudod (definite punishments) in the Islamic Penal Code 2013 (Approaches, innovations, shortcomings)

در مقرّرات ناظر بر حدود در قانون مجازات اسلامي مصوب 1392، رويكردهاي جديد از سوي قانونگذار قابل مشاهده است. به نظر مي‌رسد رفع خلأهاي تقنيني موجود در مقرّرات پيشين در زمره اين رويكردها مي باشد. از اينرو نسبت به موضوعاتي به مانند زناي در حال مستي و خواب، ميزان تعزير در صورت اسقاط مجازات حدّي و نيز تصريح به جرم انگاري هاي مقيّد جرايم محاربه و قوّادي در قانون مجازات اسلامي مصوّب 1392 ابهامات كمتري وجود دارد. تعميم مقرّرات مشابه در موضوعاتي نظير به كارگيري علم قاضي، تأثير توبه در اسقاط كيفرهاي حدّي، تأثير انكار پس از اقرار و نيز تكرار در جرايم حدّي به همراه حذف مقرّرات غير ضروري، از قبيل حذف قيد پنهاني از تعريف سرقت، حذف شرايط عام مسئوليت كيفري از شرايط سرقت حدّي نيز در زمره اقدامات قانونگذار در قانون مجازات اسلامي 1392 مي باشد. تبيين رويكردهاي سنجيده در قانون مجازات جديد، به معناي عدم وجود نارسايي ‌هاي شكلي و ماهوي در مقرّرات ياد شده نمي‌باشد. برخي از نارسايي هاي تقنيني در سياست كيفري حاكم بر جرائم مستوجب حدّ وجود دارد كه تلاش نگارندگان بر اين بوده تا با ارائه پيشنهادهاي اصلاحي زمينه رفع آن موارد فراهم شود؛ از اينرو لزوم توسعه زناي در حكم عنف به حالت اغفال زنان بالغه به همراه ضرورت تغيير رويكرد قانونگذار در حمايت كامل از اصل قانونمندي جرائم و مجازات ها در زمره پيشنهادهاي مطرح مقاله مي باشد.

New approaches by the legislator can be seen in the regulations on the limits of the Islamic Penal Code adopted in 2013. It seems that eliminating the legislative gaps in the previous regulations is one of these approaches. Therefore, there are less ambiguities in issues such as adultery while intoxicated and sleeping, the amount of Ta'zir (indefinite punishment) in case of abolition of definite punishments and also the stipulation of crimes related to Moharebeh (Armed uprising( and also specify the criminalizations of Moharebeh and Ghavadi (Panderism)crimes in the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2013. Generalization of similar rules in matters such as the application of the judge's knowledge, the effect of repentance on the abolition of Had (definite) crimes, the effect of denial after confession, and also the repetition of Had (definite) crimes, along with the elimination of unnecessary regulations, such as the removal of the hidden clause from the definition of theft, the removal of the general conditions of criminal liability from the conditions of Had theft is also among the legislator's actions in the 2013 Islamic Penal Code. Explaining prudent approaches in the new penal code does not mean that there are no formal or substantive shortcomings in the mentioned regulations. There are some legislative shortcomings in the penal policy governing the Hodod crimes (with definite punishments), which the authors have tried to provide with corrective proposals to address them. Therefore, the need to develop adultery in the sentence of rape to deceive adult women, along with the need to change the legislator's approach in full support of the principle of legality of crimes and punishments is among the suggestions of the article authors have tried to provide corrective suggestions to address these issues. The need to develop adultery into rape by deceiving adult women, the need to criminalize Ta'zir (indefinite punishment) adultery, and also, full support for the principle of legality of crimes and punishments are among the suggestions of the article.